Music Therapy And Personality Theory Psychology Essay

Music Th eonpy And disposition Theory Psychology EssayPersonality hypothesis is focused on the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of human beings, including their interactions with their social surround (Funder, 1994). From this comment it could be suggested that temperament is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that project a person unique. In addition to this, Piedmont supports that spirit come up from inside the individual and remains f appearancely consistent throughout smell1.Ancient Greeks were the first who talked or so personality and the elements that affect it, which be the earth, the water, the air and the fire. Hippocrates and Galen supported that character is attri howevered to the mixing of the juices that exist in the body, such as blood, yellow and b want bile and the phlegm. From this, four types of character atomic number 18 created the choleric, the melancholic, the scarlet and phlegmatic. During the days, several t heories choose been developed for identifying the traits and structure of human personality and for each one of which was persuaded by the ideological and methodological background of the run agrounder such as Freud, Cattell, Eysenck, Hartmann, Jung. Although every these considerations pass their strengths and manage to significantly penetrate the deeper essence of the model of personality, nowadays a new theory have been established upon which nigh modern psychologists of personality count to agree. This new approach is called Big tail fin Dimensions and argues that human personality can be fully described by five key factors. These factors arOpenness to implement which describes the ability to adequate to(p) and explore unknown situations, to recruit new experiences (imagination, broad range of bear ons)painstakingness which focuses on whether the conduct of the individual aims to achieve an end and is governed by midland values, standards and ethics(thoughtfulness, o rganized, planful)Extraversion which evaluates the quality and intensity of social kindreds of individuals (sociability, talkativeness, excitability)Agreeableness which examines the quality of the relationship of the individual with otherwises and with himself ( trust, altruism, kindness, affection)Neuroticism which refers to delirious balance and the adjustment of the individual (emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability, sadness) other personality inventory was the one of Eyesenck which measures personality using two scales. Introversion-extraversion, stability-instability. Eysencks theory was based on the four temperaments methodologies, first formalised and popularised by quaint Greeks. According to Eysenck, there are four types of personality. The choleric types are the tipsy extraverts and they have qualities such as touchy, aggressive, changeable, optimistic, active, excitable and restless. The melancholic types are the seismic introverts their qualities a re such as quiet, reserved, pessimistic, sober, rigid, anxious and moody. Sanguine types are the still extraverts they are talkative, vanquish, responsive, do itly, easygoing, carefree, leadership and sociable. Phlegmatic are the invariable introvert and they are calm, level(p)-tempered, reliable, controlled, peaceful, thoughtful, careful and passive.It is widely accepted that human behaviour is shaped by the entrance of resistent factors, and this entangles a participants personality as well. Such factors include some(prenominal) familial and environmental influences. Becoming a medicamentian does non depend on genetic reasons per se or solely on how substanceive the learning process is. Mainly it is based on a complicated combination of different factors which influence every individual in different paritys.Nearly all interrogationes agree that human traits are together with determined by two nature and nurture, though they may disagree about the relative contrib ution of each. (Ceci and Wiliams, 2000). Genetic structure may be a factor that influences someone to fabricate a medicinal drugian. Some good deal are born with a medicine gift and through years in combination with the environment they can develop it. However, the importance of genetic influences decreases over time as individual experiences and social environment becomes to a greater extent important.Social environment help determine the status of individual, the roles they perform, the duties they are brink by and the privileges they enjoy (Pervin and Jones, 2001). Indeed, the social environment can be a drive wheel for someone to develop a melodic gift. By action and by example, parents shape the lives the behavior and the choices of their tikeren from birth through due date (Ceci and Williams,1999).2If the child is raised in a melodic environment, with parents practice of medicineians or earshot to music all the time, so the possibility of become a musician is supe riorer. This can as well be seen in the past, in Baroque, Greco-Roman and romanticistic eras, where most famous composers or pianists had great music parental counsel by their musician parents. Also if a child decides to be a musician, he often needs the support of the family in order to concord his stakes in music from an early age. Feltovic (2006) stated that The amount of implemental practice from an early age is of vital importance for later musical performance . In addition, if a child is associated with other children connect to music, whence the possibilities to develop an interest in music are increased.Previous findings on musical development have rarely pictured that learning efficiency is an indwelling aspect of musical expertise. (Gaunt Hallam, 2009)Indeed, effective learning and a teachers influence also play an important role on childrens performance. Teachers could positively affect the interest of a student for music by offering encouragement, and also ne gatively discourage a student by failing to support the child properly. The effective learning and good teachers who truly value students might whirl children into music For example the teacher can increase the level of interest in music by making music learning more enjoyable for students. Teachers can have a great influence on children thus I believe that if children love the teacher, then they are probably to love music as well.Finally socio- economic conditions and many other unpredictable factors may affect a child positively or negatively to follow a musical path. Music education in developing countries appears not to have been a major priority since the lack of financial resources prevents these countries to meet their citizens educational needs. For example in Africa only 4.6%3of all schools in the country have music rooms.After analysing the reasons that may influence someone to become a musician instead of another, the next tint is to identify possible factors that may determine someones personality after becoming a musician. Does every type of music affect musicians personality the analogous level? Is each kind of music related to specific emotional characteristics?Research has shown that various aspects of our personality are related to the types of music that we remove (Mitch Beavers and Lauren Mutispaugh). In their research on whether personality predicts music electence, observe that those who mind to classical music appear to be less conformable and opt sad music. The same research detects that individuals who pick up to heavy admixture music were low conscientiousness with low emotional stability.Rentfrow and Gosling (2003) using the Short examination of music preference, they concluded that listeners of the same kind of music, had similar characteristics. Country music lovers melt down to be low in openness to experiences, but senior high in conscientiousness. They also appear to prefer music that is simpler in nature. live musi c lovers are more open to experiences and prefer complex music. vapors music listeners prefer music that is more complex and sad. Folk, rock, and heavy metal tend to prefer more complex music. Pop listeners tend to prefer more simple music. Religious music appears to have higher self-conceit and prefer happy music. Classical music and soundtracks appear to less kind and prefer more complex and sad music. Rap and hip-hop seem to be more agreeable, extroverted, and to prefer music that is happy and simple in nature. Heavy metal music appears to be low in both conscientiousness and emotional stability.In a research on Classical music preferences, Burt found that the participants tastes differed according to the extraversion, introversion but also on the emotional stability. In his study, Burt concluded that stable extraverts preferred classical and baroque music (Handel, Verdi, Brahms) which possessed characteristics like solidity, balance, brightness and predictability. On the ot her hand, stable introverts also preferred classical and baroque period but with a preference on absolute, intellectual and cognitive music like Bach. Moreover, Burt found that unstable extraverts preferred romantic music which has strong contrasts is emotional and wide awake (Wagner, Liszt, Berloz). In contrast, unstable introverts also preferred romantic music but impressionistic and mystical pieces like Debussys, Chopins and Webers (cited in Kemp, 1996).4According to a research by Delsing, Bogt, Engels and Meeus,5heavy metal, punk, gothic and rock listeners were found to be related to openness to experience but not to conscientiousness and to extraversion. Jazz, classical and religious doctrine listeners tend to be high on conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience but low on emotional stability. Hip hop, soul, rap enthral and techno listeners were found related to extraversion and agreeableness.Finally, a research by prof Adrian North, notes that heavy metal and classical listeners have similar emotional characteristics since both are creative, calm and unsociable.Furthermore, another factor that determines personality is the kind of gender. Indeed, the effect that music has on personality must be analysed in proportion to the gender of every individual. Even when both man and woman are related to a specific kind of music, it has been noticed that still their personality characteristics are not the same. In a research by Eric Lacourse, Michel Claes and Martin Villeneuve (2001) about heavy metal music and adolescent suicidal risk , it seems that girls devotee of this kind of music, are more suicidal than boys.Recently there have been many research efforts on whether musician tend to embody original personality type. The literature offers some evidence regarding links between personality and musician activity.Wayne Gillespie and Brett Mayors, by examining rock and popular musicians who completed the Revised neo Personality Inventory and a questionnaire, conclude that Rock musicians share a common profile. Rock musicians were high neurotic, open to experience, average extravert, low agreeable and conscientious. On the other hand, in a research by Dyce and O Connor, concluded that popular musicians are extraverted, emotionally unstable and imaginative.In a research about orchestral instrumentalists, Langendorfer concluded that string players had significant high scores on conscientiousness than woodwind and brass players.6In his make the musical temperament, Anthony Kemp states that the musicians temperament involves a proclivity to sensitivity, introversion, anxiety, intelligence, and independence (Kemp 1996). Buttsworth and Smith (1995) indicate that performing musicians are more emotionally stable and sensitive. Singers appear to differ from instrumentalists and share personality traits with dancers, such as emotionality and hypochondrias are (Marchant-Haycox Wilson, 1992).In their book Parncutt and Mcpherson7, state those children who are more introverted, studious and quieter usually tend to prefer string instruments, while more extroverted and socially outgoing prefer brass instruments. Singers also tend to be more extraverted sensitive and imaginative, whereas keyboard players tend to be also extraverted but not as much as the singers and the brass players.CONCLUSSIONMusic and personality are two issues that cannot be analyzed in a 20 proceeding presentation or in a 2000 words essay. This presentation answered 3 questions that are important as far as concern music and personality. Which factors affect someones personality to become a musician? What types of music do different personalities tend to prefer? Do musicians tend to embody plastered personality type? My conclusion is that both nature and nurture, social and musical environment, peers, socio-economic conditions, teachers and effective learning are factors that may influence someone to become a musician. I believe that music do not influence personality, but there is a direct relation between the music we listen and to our personality, which includes our thoughts, lifestyles, places we choose for entertainment, clothes, companionship. Because of our personality we choose certain types of music to listen to or to become musicians of the kind of music that reflects our personality.Of course most musicians have similar elements on their personality like sensitivity, anxiety, introversion, but this is not subjective for all. The musicians expresses some feelings or experiences, based from their life, like poorness, parents divorce or even a death of a close person. Some musicians may live the same experiences, but because of the social environment may develop a different type of personality. Through music, the artist communicates his thoughts which will be influenced from the era he lives in.Concluding I believe that if all musicians had the same personality, then music would have been the same.