How useful is Joseph Fletcher’s “Situation Ethics” as a guide to human behaviour? Essay

Rudolf Bultmann claimed that messiah Christ had no morals and for Love thy neighbour as thyself. This is what the Angli depose Joseph Fletcher based his theory of office moral philosophy on. Fletcher opposed the idea of Legalistic and antinomian Ethics.Legalistic ethics is where there atomic number 18 absolute radiation diagrams to what should and should non be done. Fletcher said that Legalism couldnt accommodate the overlookions to the rule and that disavowing a particular aspect of the law of nature than you surely mustiness reject it all. For example the law Do not kill may contain more laws to allow killing in self defence, killing in war, killing unborn babies etc. and doing this contradicts the law in the first place.antinomian Ethics means against law and people using this approach do not prevail by an ethical system at all. Fletcher is against this not only because it is unprincipled but also on the basis of existentialist ethics, which argues that reality i s composed of singular event and moments in time and Antinomian ethics follows no predictable direction from one circumstance to an new(prenominal). slur ethics is based sodding(a)ly on agape love for all. That e real(prenominal) ethical decision we make should be made on the presumptuousness that the pole justifies the means, and that the about loving action with a slight motive is the best one. He claims that Jesus Sermon on the backing should be our moral code rather than the Old Testaments Ten Commandments. Jesus ethics of love thy neighbour as thyself washbowl be related to e very ethical dilemma, whether modern or old.Jesus said nothing about birth control, large or dinky families, childlessness, homosexuality, masturbation, fornication, premarital intercourse, sterilisation, artificial insemination, abortion, sex, foreplay, petting and courtship. Whether any form of sex (Hetero, gay or Auto) is good or evil dep finales on whether love is in full served. (Fletcher qu oted by Jenkins)Fletcher pointed out that even Jesus broke Jewish law if love was better served by doing so.Christ Jesus abolished the law with its commandments and efficacious claims. Ephesians 213-15Christians of all denominations squirt use Fletchers theory, which is an advantage as religious disputes and anger between the Protestants and Catholics is such a divide in the Christian religion. speckle ethics could help break d stimulate the barriers and connect a faith once again, as situation ethics primary(prenominal) principle is love.Fletcher developed six fundamental principles. These ar1) No actions are intrinsically right or wrong. Nothing is good in and of itself except for love. Actions are good if they help people and bad if they dont. hotshot undersidenot expect to live responsibly with moral absolutes.2) Good actions should not be done for reward (E.g. experiencing a good feeling or seek altruistic deeds in return) but should be done for their own sake. Jesus and Paul taught love as the highest principle above the Law.3) evaluator is love at work in the community.4) Love is practical and not selective. We should show love to all, even our enemies. Christian love is unconditional.5) Love is the end never a means to something else.6) Humans have the responsibility of freedom. They are not bound by any Law. With this comes the responsibility to do the almost loving thing in every situation.Fletcher claims that it is a mistake to generalise. You cant say Is it ever right to lie to your family? The answer must be, I dont know, give me an example. A concrete situation is needed, not a generalisation. It all depends may well be the parole of the bunkist. (Vardy & Grosch p.130)thither are many benefits to Situation Ethics. The Bible does not allot many modern topics such as abortion, artificial insemination etc and situation Ethics allows us to work out which is the most loving action with the most loving end. It is also true to the Gospe l representation of Jesus and what rules he lived by rather than living by the Old Testament or Jewish laws such as the Ten Commandments, which Jesus came to amend.Situation ethics is flexible, practical and allows for certain actions if the motive is pure and loving for others. It allows the evaluation of actions to have the least wrong out of two wrong actions, which a legalist cannot do.There are however many criticisms which mostly come down to the caper of knowing what the most loving action is. As we cannot predict actions of other or even actions of our own, it is difficult to know whether the most loving end will actually come or whether an unseen factor may emerge and change the outcome. Selfish people also may eddy situation ethics to suit themselves.Agape love is only an lofty to follow as closely as possible not to live by, as it is difficult to see things from an objective point of view. How can we be sure that an action comes out of Agape? Who is to decide whether an action is pure by motive? Can God only decide this at Judgement Day? Another very important criticism is that it can be argued that Hitler was killing Jews out of love for the Arian race and the future of the world. Does Situation ethics allow for such actions that have been dubbed Wrong, and thats that. such as the Holocaust, September the Eleventh and the Bali bombing?Although the arguments for situation ethics are very convincing and useful for everyday life, the criticisms cannot be ignored, as they are very plausible and important for world issues and topics.A way that considers both(prenominal) Situation ethics and legalism and is somewhere in between is Proportionalism. Proportionalists take moral rules can only be overridden if there is a proportionate reason in a particular situation. This includes both Natural law (killing, stealing, lying, cheating) and the Situational ethics view. Proportionalists believe that these laws should be adhered to unless there are good re asons not to. This allows for flexibility and a certain amount of relativism whilst still using the fundamental aspects of the Bible.An evil standardised pain, death or mutilation is, in itself, pre-moral or non-moral, and should never be describe as moral. It is the act as a whole, which is right or wrong, and it is the person, or the person in his or her acting, who is morally good or morally bad. (Bernard Hoose quoted by Vardy & Grosch)I conclude that Fletchers situation ethics is highly useful for Christians in everyday life for all the reasons above. besides I do believe that there has to be a equaliser and in my opinion it seems that Proportionalism is the best and most moral route to follow. It contains principles of both Situation ethics and Legalism and seems to make the most sense.

Case Study Evaluation and Analysis using Leadership Theories and Concepts

Introductionleaders is one of the most outstanding factors that determine the over in all told exertion of an governance (Lussier & Achua, 2012). As argued by Hogg,Van Knippenberg and Rast (2012), how prolonging in organisations delegated duties, urinate decisions and interact with another(prenominal) members both positively or negatively affects employee output and thus influences the turn overment of the overall organisational objective. This paper presents an analysis of lead at EEF, a membership organisation that is a counterpoint to the Trade Union movement and was founded with the aim of reenforcement employers in the United Kingdom. Among the key concepts addressed in this analysis atomic number 18 the key lead theories base be applicable to this fact and challenges encountered in the lead process.The role of Leadership at EEFAs an organisation that represents the interests of galore(postnominal) employers around the United Kingdom, the leadership at EEF is obligated to ensure that it establishes the of necessity of its members and effectively addresses them. The role played by EEFs leadership is exhibited by the fact that it addresses its members needs through providing them with advice, guidance and support that will alter them to efficiently and effectively manage their businesses. EEFs leadership is in like manner committed towards ensuring that the community is flexible enough to maintain its relevance in its profit delivery by implementing the required replaces. Some of the wobbles include the exchangeation of the confederacys legal status from a federation to a hold company by guarantee in 2009 to ensure that that its status as a non-profit was protected. The other change that was implemented by the companys leadership in the same year was converting it into a single compound national entity from its original regionalised structure. This integration resulted into the appointment of another CEO who was anticipate to l ead the company under its new banner of One EEF. all told these changes were made by the company with the aim of addressing the ?7 million firing experience in 2009, which was the first it had ever experienced since it was founded. A regional ag group up up up leader of the companys sales aggroup, Tom Jones, was also appointed to oversee the now consolidated aggroup. These strategies that were implemented by the companys top leadership to ensure that the company remains on track highlights one of the key roles of leadership in an organisation, which is decision reservation. Whereas the ?7 million loss that was suffered in 2009 major power have highlighted flaws in the leadership of EEF that year, the immediate changes that were made show the commitment of the companys leadership towards its strong performance.Analysis of Tom Jones Leadership using Leadership TheoriesThe distinction Theory of LeadershipFrom the contingency, Jones was selected out of the other appli gitt s who were originally in charge of the regional sales functions. Out of these was an applicant who had expected to be selected as the police squad leader because of his long-term experience with the company. The trait guess of leadership can be used in explaining this selection. According to the trait leadership theory, slap-up leaders possess a variety of characteristics and personal traits that enable them work their leadership responsibilities well. These include integrity, assertiveness, empathy, honesty, openness, likeability and decision making skills (Colbert et al., 2012). The applicant mentioned in the case who had served for long as the leader of a regional sales team could have possessed some of these traits, but not as umpteen as Jones exhibited. Some of the traits exhibited by Jones as highlighted in the case included openness, honesty and good decision making skills.The Behavioural TheoryThis theory focuses the demeanour of leaders as they guide their pursual towards attaining the overall organisational objective, and classifies leaders as popular, autocratic or individuation (DeRue et al., 2011). Democratic leaders argon characterised by the fact that they involve other team members in the decision making process. The suggestions that receive the most support from team members are adopted as last-place decisions. Whilst this approach is lauded for ensuring effective teamwork, it becomes challenging to reach a final decision when the suggestions provided are many and differ wide of the markly (Lussier & Achua, 2012). Autocratic leadership involves making of decisions without any prior consultation or involvement of team members. This approach has been regarded as be ineffective for teamwork dynamics and team agreement. It is merely considered high-flown in situations where decisions need to be urgently made (Bhatti et al., 2012). The Laissez-faire approach to leadership is carried out by allowing other team members to make most of the decisions with minimal interference from the leader. This approach is mostly applicable when team members are highly skilled and capable of independently making good decisions. However, leaders who prefer this approach might at times be mistaken for being lazy (Lussier & Achua, 2012). Jones leadership approach was characterised by openness, which contributed towards his adoption of a collaborative team building approach that involved sharing of information and ideas, which matches with the democratic approach. Jones also valued the experiences and ideas of other team members. By applying this leadership approach, the team was able to identify the major issues, which were later prioritised fit in to their urgency. Transactional vs. Transformational LeadershipLeadership can also be classified as either transactional or transformational. Transactional leadership is based on the assumption that individuals are motivated by punishment and reward. It also assumes that the best way in which social systems can work is through the establishment of a clear chain of instruction (Carter et al., 2013). According to Bono, Hooper and Yoon (2012), transactional leaders work by clearly setting structures or rules by which their followers are required to abide, as well as rewards to be expected when they are adhered to. Whilst they are not usually mentioned, imposing discipline systems and punishments are also well understood by their followers (Carter et al., 2013). This is as opposed to transformational leadership where leaders develop constructive visions for the organisation, fail them to their followers, find the way forward on how to implement the vision and lead the implementation of the vision (Wright et al., 2012). The diagram below depicts the differences between Transactional and transformational leadership.Table 1 Transactional vs. Transformational leadership (Adopted from Lussier and Achua (2012)Jones involvement of the team at EEF, formulation of necess ity changes to transform the company and offering both personal and professional support to his team to enable them achieve these changes matches with the transformation approach to leadership. Among the changes that were identified as obligatory for EEF were the establishment of new geographical sales areas and their respective sales representatives, implementing the necessary forecasting and reporting processes, and ensuring that the existing CRM systems are upgraded so as to attain consistency in the measurement key performance indicators. Jones embarked on achieving these changes by leading the change in the organisational culture by encouraging team members to be more corporate minded and committed to problem solving. He also embarked on building corporation and trust within the team he was leading. These characteristics of Jones leadership further verify his transformational leadership approach.Leadership challenges from the groundsThere are several challenges that can be id entified from the provided case on EEF. One of these was the loss that was incurred in the 2009 financial year, which triggered the transformation of EEFs overall structure. The changes that were implemented further triggered challenges that are typical to any change process in organisations. The first was ensuring that he addressed the feelings of the applicants who lost on their applications as team leaders and creating a formidable team. Given that they all held same regional position before, it can be concluded that their capabilities were virtually the same. Therefore, the most effective approach that could be used by Jones in addressing this was involving them in decision making through a highly democratic leadership style (DeRue et al., 2011). By knowing that their opinions are valued by their leader, they will be motivated and committed towards attaining the desired organisational objective (Lussier & Achua, 2012).The other challenge was in regards to the transformation of the organisations structure from being regionally based to a unit national structure. In establish to attain this overall change, there are several change focusing toughies that could be used. One of these is the 8 step forge of organisational change, which was proposed by Kotter (1996). It divides the whole change process into eight stages that are more manageable and all contribute towards the attainment of the desired outcome of change. These stages are explained in sidestep 2 below. Whereas this approach to organisational change has been supported by a wide number of researchers, it has also received criticism. For instance, OKeefe (2013) pointed out that the model assumes that change is a linear process and does not account for challenges or changes that might be encountered in the change process.Table 2 Kotters 8-stage model of organisational change (Kotter, 1996)ConclusionIn conclusion, this paper has presented an in-depth analysis of leadership at EEF in regard to the c hanges implemented with the aim of recovering from its poor performance that was registered in 2009. In the analysis, leadership concepts and theories have been referred to and their applicability to the case has been explained. Among these are the trait and behavioural theories of leadership, transformational and transactional leadership models and Kotters 8 stage model of leadership. Even with the few mentioned challenges that were highlighted in the case, it has been shown that Tom Jones leadership approach was ideal for the EEF as it set out to implement the necessary changes in its utilitarian and organisational structures.ReferencesBhatti, N. et al. (2012) The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on strain satisfaction. International Business Research, 5(2), pp.192-207.Bono, J.E., Hooper, A.C. & Yoon, D.J. (2012) Impact of rater personality on transformational and transactional leadership ratings. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), pp.132-45.Carter, M.Z., Armen akis, A.A., Feild, H.S. & Mossholder, K.W. (2013) Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organisational change. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 34(7), pp.942-58.Colbert, A.E., Judge, T.A., Choi, D. & Wang, G. (2012) Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality The mediating role of contributions to group success. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(4), pp.670-85.DeRue, D.S., Nahrgang, J.D., Wellman, N.E.D. & Humphrey, S.E. (2011) Trait and behavioral theories of leadership An integration and meta?analytic examen of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), pp.7-52.Hogg, M.A., Van Knippenberg, D. & Rast, D.E. (2012) Intergroup leadership in organisations Leading across group and organisational boundaries. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), pp.232-55.Kotter, J.P. (1996) Leading change. Cambridge, MA Harvard Business rail Press.Lussier, R. & Achua, C. (2012) Leade rship Theory, application, & skill development. Mason Cengage Learning.OKeefe, K. (2013) Where Kotters 8 go Gets it Wrong. Online Available at http//www.executiveboard.com/communications-blog/where-kotters-8-steps-gets-it-wrongAccessed 18 December 2014.Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. & Pandey, S.K. (2012) Pulling the Levers Transformational Leadership, Public Service, Motivation, and flush Valence. Public Administration Review, 72(2), p.206215.

General Mills Inc. Understanding Financial Statements

Introduction The faux pas lease usual mill most Inc. Understanding pecuniary Statements foc dos on the most basic idea of finance analysis. This case is a brief look into the language that is used in the finance ball and a start to interaction with auditors. In this case, KPMG LLP, the macrocosm accounting substantial that was auditing their arguments, had sent two opinion letters. The first letter was ensuring that both parties were alert that widely distributed mill around had internal control everywhere monetary describe.The bit opinion letter stated that to auditors knowledge, General mill around had correctly reported its monetary program lines. The statements given in this case study argon known as the four general monetary statements. Displayed in the case argon the Consolidated Statements of Earnings from years 2004 to 2006, the Consolidated sleep sheet from 2004 to 2006, the Consolidated Statement of shareholders equity from 2004 to 2006, and the Con solidated Statement of bullion Flows from 2004 to 2006.These general pieces of finance material provide enough culture to conk out General mill around over the past two years. Thanks to the financial statements provided, we had the ability to compare the social clubs performance in 2005 and 2006, and to key whether the caller-out was still in good standing or not. The hobby is a basic analysis and interpretation of General Mills financial statements. Concepts a. General Mills is a food caller-out. Its main activities consist on producing and selling ready-to-eat food, as well as doing retail vexation.These activities take turn up in the U. S. , Canada, Europe, Latin America and the Asia/Pacific region. b. Consolidated relief sheet, merge income statement, coalesced shareholders equity, and consolidated cash flow statement are the financial statements that are addressed to external audiences. General Mills submit consolidated financial statements because the accounts re present the company and its subsidiaries. c. The SEC requires that the financial statements for external reporting purposes be fain quarterly. These quarterly reports are called 10Q reports.Then, SEC requires that these financial statements be siree annually. These annual reports are called 10K reports. d. Financial statements are usually prepared by accounting staff however, the CEO and CFO are the liable for the accuracy of these statements. Generally, internal and external audiences are interested in the culture presented in financial statements. On the one hand, the internal audiences are managers, owners and employees. First, in recite to catch up with decisions, managers and owners review the financial reports.Second, financial reports provide a clear view of the financial position and market cheer of the organization. Third, employees may use financial reports to insure their jobs positions within the company and negotiate potential salary hike and promotion. On the o ther hand, there are galore(postnominal) external agents who are interested in the financial reports. First, investors use financial statements to evaluate the general performance and financial strength of the company. This evaluation helps make rational investment decisions.Second, financial institutions like banks and other lending institutions use the reports to assess the weight of debts and decide how risky the company is. Third, partners of the company analyse the financial situation of the company in order to revise the contracts and coalition harm. Forth, suppliers are also interested in the financial performance of the company because that helps them decide whether to extend their credit or not. Fifth, government is in look up with the financial reports of this company, because these reports are the only substance of verifying if the tax paid is accurate and adequate. . General Mills external auditor is KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that issued the two opinion letters that General Mills Board of Directors and Stockholders received. The first opinion letter regards internal control over financial reporting, slice the second opinion letter concerns financial statements and cogitate financial statement schedule. The first opinion letter confirms that the General Mills upheld valid internal control over financial reporting as of May 28, 2006.The second opinion letter assures that the consolidated financial statements were slightly presented as of May 28, 2006. We see that the time difference between way out the financial statements and receiving the opinion letters is fair, because audits need few months to gather information and analyze it. Analysis f. g. i. For May 28, 2006 Assets= $18,207 Liabilities + Equity = $11,299 + ($5,772 + $1,136) = $18,207 ii. For 2006, General Mills had a resemblance of 17. 44% for short-term assets, and a proportion of 82. 6% for long-term assets. So, land, building and equipment, s eemliness and intangible assets make up the majority of native assets. In other words, General Mills major assets are long-term assets, which is explained by the nature of business that General Mill Inc. does. iii. In general, intangible assets are assets that are not physical in nature. unified intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies), goodwill and blemish recognition are all common intangible assets in todays marketplace.Goodwill is a long-term asset categorized as an intangible asset. The amount of goodwill is the cost to purchase the business minus the fair market value of the tangible assets, the intangible assets that lav be identified, and the liabilities obtained in the purchase. In the case of General Mills, the intangible assets could be patents, strong brand name, copyrights, franchises and goodwill. iv. In 2006, General Mills was financed at a proportion of 62. 06% by non-owners and at a proportion of 37. 94% by ow ners. h. i.General Mills recognizes sales revenues upon acceptance of the despatch by its customers. The promotions and estimated returns are not included in the reporting of sales. The coupons cost are registered when distributed and their amounts are based on estimated redemptions. As for trade promotions, they are expensed based on estimated participation and performance levels for offered programs. Concerning returns, the company has a advanced return policy. However, the company may allow few returns if the product is in good condition to be sold again.The company expenses returns as diminution of net sales. The companys policy of registering revenues, promotions and estimated returns are conform with GAAP. ii. The common-size income statement of 2006 reveals that General Mills major expenses are cost of sales with a proportion of 59. 85%, followed by selling, general and administrative expenses with a proportion of 23. 01%. iii. Between 2005 and 2006 The cost of sales and t he selling went up by a small proportion, while selling, general and administrative expenses along with interest expenses went good deal by 0. 7% and 0. 54% respectively. However, selling, general and administrative expenses went up by 1. 51%. iv. To our opinion, General Mills included these unusual expenses in a separate section in order to avoid misleading the readers about the reason why selling, general and administrative expenses increased. v. During 2006, the company realized simoleons of 1,090 million dollars, while during 2005 realized profits of 1,240 million dollars. Since the two results are positive, we break that the company was profitable during 2005 and 2006. vi.The change in net allowance between 2005 and 2006 (1,090 1,240) / 1,240 = -12. 1% The change in net earning between 2004 and 2005 (1,240 1,055) /1,055 = 17. 54% So, between 2004 and 2005 the net fee raised by 17. 54%, while between 2005 and 2006 the net earnings decreased by 12. 1%. Excluding the cost o f Divestitures and Debt, the net earnings of 2005 and net earnings difference between 2005 and 2006 will be as follow benefit earnings (2005) = 1,240 (499-137) * 0. 617 = $1,016. 6 Net earnings difference (2005-2006) = (1,090 1,016. ) / 1,016. 6 = 7. 22% i. i. In 2006, net earnings are $1,090 while net cash provided by operating activities is $1,771, which means that there is a difference of $681 between these two accounts. This difference can be explained by the fact that some gains or cost dont generate any increase or decrease in cash flow. For example, disparagement and amortization are costs that dont change the level of cash flow. ii. During 2006, General Mills used for expenditures $360 million. iii. General Mills paid $485 million for dividends. j.The account on General Mills balance sheet that require estimates are the following * Fixed Assets Because the animateness time of a fixed asset is estimated, then depreciation is estimated as well. Then, the net value of fixed assets that is historical value accumulated depreciation is estimated as well. * Inventories General Mills uses FIFO method for valuing the inventories in the U. S. and last in first out method for valuing inventories outside the U. S. * Doubtful accounts these are accounts receivable that the company assumes wont be collected in the future.We assume that all the balance sheet accounts, except long term debts, have estimated values. Conclusion after having studies General Mills business environment, and went through the analysis of its financial statements, we assume that this companys performance for the year 2006 was better than 2005. In order to be more objective, we have excluded the gains and losses from divestitures and debt repurchases costs in our analysis, because these costs are considered as unusual. Thus, the common-size income statement shows that the company did better from 2004 to 2005 in terms of net sales and income statements.However, the after-tax earnings from Joint Ventures were much lower in 2006 than in 2005 and 2004. We assume that this decrease is mainly related to the change of the coordinate of joint ventures, as the company sold many of its subsidiaries. In addition, the income statement reveals an increase of dividends per share from the year 2004 to 2006, which means that the shareholders got higher profits. The information presented in the consolidated and common-size balance sheets was about the assets, liabilities and equity of the company.First, we noticed that the majority of the companys assets are long-term assets, which we found normal seen the nature of business of General Mills. Second, 63% of the companys business is run by liabilities, we assume that General Mills is a low risk company and that its cash flows are stable and positive. . 1 . Definition retrieved from http//www. investopedia. com/terms/i/intangibleasset. aspaxzz2N0pq9ntS 2 . Definition retrieved from

Introduces Odysseus

The Odyssey, one of the most well known epic stories Introduces Odysseus, the world-beater of Ithaca. This story demonstrates Odysseuss fleshly and understanding strength. Striving to return understructure later on 20 years of his treacherous journey, he uses strength, skill, and superior major power to oer be intimate his troubles. Although he faced numerous obstacles and fought many battles, he do it appoint to get home to his kingdom through his physical ability, intellectual insight, and overcoming his epic flaw. In the descent of The Odyssey, Odysseus describes his homeland Ithaca and states A rocky island, tidy for a boys training.By saying this he makes it clear that he is sublime of where he had grown up and that he had trained there. This introduces the physical prowess. He had been trained as a young boy to fight and carried that on with him as he grew up. Early on in the story he immediately shows his physical strength. The first story, Sailing from Troy, demonst rates this clearly when Odysseus states, I stormed in that place and killed the men who fought. Plunder we took, and we enslaved the women to make a division, equal sh atomic number 18s to all told- (Homer, Lines 43-45). In the battle of Troy he and his army had won, obviously giving him sire and strength in killing.When he killed the men of Ismarus, it was evident that he had no problem doing so. Odysseus felt like he could take on anything that would come his way, feeling invincible. After they had won, Odysseus yelled to the Gods that nothing they throw at him could incur him down. One of Odysseuss first encounters with trouble after he sh poped to the Gods was the cyclops. After the Cyclops killed several of Odysseuss men, he finally came up with a plan of how to kill him. After the Cyclops is passed out, Odysseus plans to take a sharpened pike to its eye.As Odysseus describes, I drew it from the coals and my four fellows gave me a hand, lugging it beneficial the Cyclops a s more than natural force nerved them straight in front they sprinted, lifted it, and rammed it deep in his crater eye, and I leaned on it bout it as a send offwright turns a drill in plank over (Homer, Lines 329-335). Not only is Odysseus showing physical strength, but so are his men. It clearly took a lot of strength, physically and mentally, to kill the Cyclops. Odysseuss physical strength continues in the story The Land of the Dead. It takes several people and a lot of strength to get their giant ship going.In the story it describes the process, We fag out down on the ship at the seas meet and launched her on the salt immortal sea, stepping our mast and spar in the black ship (Homer, Lines 523-529). In order to get the masts and sails up you had to be very strong, and each time they left a place, they had to do so. Throughout the Odyssey, Odysseus and his men all display physical prowess in order to return lynchpin to Ithaca, but Intellectual prowess also aids them in the ir return. Odysseus, apply his intellectual prowess, is able to outsmart the obstacles he faces and also to make divulge choices for himself and his crew.In The Lotus-Eaters Odysseus land on an unknown Island and decides to send some men out and see what the land holds Then I sent out cardinal picked men and a runner to learn what race of men that island sustained. sort of of Odysseus risking his own life, he sends out others instead. This is a smart decision because he has no clue what is on the island and he wants to keep himself safe. In The Cyclops Odysseus had come prepared for anything that could happen, A wineskin full I brought along, and victuals in a bag, for in my bones I knew some towering inhumane would be upon us soon- (Homer, Lines 153-155).He knew that they were going to need food and supplies when they arrived on the island, so by using his intellectual prowess, he was prepared. Also in the Cyclops, he says, We beached there, and I told the crew to stand by an d keep watch over the ship as for myself I took twelve best fighters and went ahead. (Homer, Lines 134-137). Wanting to detain safe, Odysseus took his best fighters with him and had the others stay back and watch the ship to be certainly nothing happened to it. One of the most difficult obstacles Odysseus faced was overcoming if epic flaw.Odysseus had ebullient pride, or Hubris, which sometimes got him in more trouble than he was already in. For example, in the Cyclops, as Odysseus and his men are leaving after stinging the Cyclops eye, he shouts Cyclops, if ever mortal man inquire how you were perpetrate to shame and blinded, tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye Laertes son, whose homes on Ithaca. Before this, Odysseus had told the Cyclops that his name was Nohbdy and could have gotten away without the Cyclops penetrating who it really was, but Odysseus had to boast and brag that if anyone were to ask, it was him who blinded the Cyclops.Also in the beginning o f The Odyssey after they had one the Battle of Troy, Odysseus shouted to the Gods that nothing could stop him. By provoking the Gods, he brought his 20 year journey onto himself. But by overcoming this flaw in the end, Odysseus finally returned home. Although he faced all of these battles, Odysseus have all of his skill to defeat them and got back to Ithaca to reclaim his title as King. He couldnt have done it on his own, but with the sustain of his men, using his physical and intellectual prowess, and overcoming his epic flaw, he achieved his goal after 20 years of difficulties.

Great Wall of China

The Rise and F all of mainland chinaw bes expectant argue The rise and fall of Chinas long palisade the race to save a world treasure particular(prenominal) Report Current Events, Sept 27, 2002 Save a personal model of this article and quickly find it again with Furl. net. Its free Save it. do OF BRICK, STONE, and dirt, the enormous ring twists and turns crosswise Chinas landscape like a colossus dragon. It shoot the breezems to rise out of the sea at Bo Hal gulf, a place k instantly to local anaesthetic people as Laolongtou, or the old dragons head. The fence in harmonisely stretches across the plains, crawls along the sides of mountains and scales their peaks as it spans the Asian countryside.This ancient wonder, built solely by hand, of hug drug overwhelms visitors. On a trip to the wall in 1909, French scholar Auguste Gilbert de Voisins said, Nothing stops it, nothing gets in its way seeing it at this point, one king believe it to be eternal. Today, however, neglect, misuse, and modernization threaten the giant dragon. Although the wall in one case stretched nearly 4,000 miles across Chinas northern border, only about 1,500 miles of Chinas considerable Wall remain. The rest has locomote apart and disappeared. This year, the World Monuments Fund placed the Great Wall on its list of 100 Most Endangered Sites.The group hopes to protect whats left over(p) of the wall and to encourage the Chinese government and others to save the historic structure. match to a World Monuments Fund report, The wall was built to protect China now China must protect it. The Great Wall of Qin Chinas Great Wall didnt start out so great. Begun nearly 2,300 years ago, the structure was a series of small fortifications. As early as 600 B. C. , people in China built small walls virtually their homes and cities for protection. Soldiers guarded the gates around the city walls during the day and swung the gates shut at night.During the Warring States item (475-22 1 B. C. ), leaders struggling for control of China built walls around stainless kingdoms. Soldiers occupied forts and towers on the wall and fought to protect the borders of the independent states. In 221 B. C. , Qin Shi Huangdi matching the kingdoms and became the send-off emperor of China. Qin Shi Huangdi gave orders to frame of reference the chang cheng, or long wall, to protect China from northern nomads who were trying to engage China. Laborers built the wall by connection walls constructed earlier and extending the length of the wall to nearly 3,100 miles.With the help of Gen durationl Meng Tian, Qin Shi Huangdi lucid 800,000 mensoldiers, prisoners, and peasantsto build the wall. Where stones were plentiful, workers used stones to build parts of the wall. Where stones were scarce, workers used dirt. To build the wall, laborers dug up large amounts of dirt and carried it to the wall. The workers therefore piled dirt into woody frames about 6 inches deep. They used woode n instruments to pound the dirt until it became a solid mass. This process was repeated until the wall reached a desired height.Workers then moved the wooden frames to the next section of the wall and began the process again. gibe to legend, Qin Shi Huangdi condemned workers to remainder for making the slightest construction errors. Today, few traces of the Qin wall remain. After Qin Shi Huangdis death in 210 B. C. , workers abandoned the wall and it eventually crumbled into ruins. The Ming Fortress Nearly all of Qin Shi Huangdis successors built walls along Chinas northern frontier. The fortifications, however, never fully protected China from invasion.During the early 13th century, Genghis Khan, leader of the Mongols, a nomad group from the north, united several(prenominal) nomad armies and conquered a lot of Asia. In 1279, Genghis Khans grandson, Kubilai Khan, overthrew the Chinese emperor and established the kwai dynasty (1279-1368). The Yuan emperors did not maintain the old wall or build a new one, so the wall began to fall into ruins. After Khan died in 1227, a Chinese farmer named Zu Yuanzhang led a rebel armament and helped overthrow the last Yuan emperor. When Zu Yuanzhang seized power, he established the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).Zu and his successors decided to remodel Chinas Great Wall, which lay to the highest degreely in ruins, to keep the Mongols from returning to recapture China. For nearly 200 years, thousands of workers toiled away on the Ming wallreinforcing the Great Wall with bricks and stone. The Ming wall eventually blocked mountain passes that Mongol soldiers had used to invade China. When Mongol tribes attacked the wall, Chinese soldiers alerted others by lighting betoken fires. When guards from a signal tower saw the fire, they built another fire, passing the warning along the wall.The number of smoke plumes and open firenon shots fired indicated to Chinese soldiers how many confrontation soldiers were approaching. The Ming government taxed the people of China heavily to pay for construction of the Great Wall. In 1644, the Manchus, a nomad tribe from northeast of Peking, helped rebels overthrow the Ming rulers and started the next era in Chinese historythe Qing dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, Manchu forces drove out Mongol invaders and broad Chinas border farther north beyond the Great Wall. The wall no longer protected Chinas border, so construction stopped and soldiers abandoned the fortresses.The Wall At Risk Today, Chinese officials warn that the Great Wall is once again under attack. But this time the wall is not in danger from invaders. Instead local people and tourists alike threaten the wall. ring Yaohui, head of the Great Wall Society of China, recently persuaded a local government to levy a fine on residents in a small village after they demolished part of the wall to curb bricks for new houses. And in 1999, officials in the autonomous region of Nei Monggol (once called Inner Mongolia) plough through the Great Wall to build a highway. Nature has excessively taken its toll.At the walls western end, desert sandstorms realize worn down much of Chinas great wonder. Dong Yaohui said, Saving the Great Wall is now the most urgent t assume facing our country. Its splendor must be rebuilt. Preservationists also argue that commercial developers are destroying the aesthetic beauty of Chinas Great Wall. Developers have got turned parts of the wall into a tourist destination. Visitors to the wall at the Badaling section near capital of Red China can take one of basketball team cable cars to the top of the wall, bungee-jump off a section of the wall, paraglide along the wall, or ride a toboggan down the mountain.William Lindesay, an Englishman living in China, organised a group to protect and preserve what is left of the wall. Lindesays group, the International Friends of the Great Wall, works with local villagers to pick up garbage along the wall and make sure the wall is protected from vandals. The wall is in gruelling, grave danger, Lindesay said. The Chinese government also hopes to protect the national treasure. Officials in Beijing are considering legislation that, if passed, would convict anyone caught littering or defacing the Great Wall to a jail term of up to seven years.Arthur Waldron, a historian, wrote, Whatever the incoming brings, the image of the wall as a symbol of China seems butt to endure. Get Talking Ask students why do you think the Great Wall of China was built? What is the approximate length of the wall? What might have been some of the challenges faced by the walls builders? What might the wall be threatened today? Background The Great Wall is among the most customary tourist destinations in China, along with the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the Terra Cotta Warriors at Xian.Qin Shi Huangdi (the first emperor of China) unified the nation of China and built the first Great Wall. After Qin Shi Huandi died, he was buri ed in a tomb with an army of terra cotta warriors and horses at Xian. In 1974, Qin Ski Huangdis tomb was discovered by a group of archaeologists. During the Qin Dynastywhen the first Great Wall was builtworkers toiled for ten years to build the wall, at a rate of about 25 miles per month. Portions of the wall have been rebuilt during the past centuryincluding the section of the wall at Badaling, near Chinas capital of Beijing. Many myths surround Chinas Great Wall.One of the most normal is that the Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from the Moon. However, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), The Great Wall can barely be seen from the Shuttle, so it would not be possible to see it from the Moon with the naked eye. Doing More After students have read the story, ask them to research other sites listed as endangered by the World Monuments Fund. What are the biggest threats to those sites? Why are the sites considered important? When s tudents have finished gathering the information, have them present their findings to the class.

Compare and Contrast Beowulf Book and Movie Essay

In the impression and poem Beowulf there were many goings and similarities that stood out to me. Usually when a book or poem gets made into a movie there are many differences and similarities. This is why I was not surprised that Beowulf the movie was no honest to the original poem. I enjoyed the poem a lot more than the movie. The movie seemed artificial and not believable in comparison to the poem. One difference amid the poem and the movie was that the poem explained the actual story of Beowulf and his move in overmuch more detail.On the other hand it was kindle to be able to visually see the poem come to spiritedness as it is always easier for my interest to be held when I am watch something instead of reading it. In the hi-tech world we live in visual information may help many people to fail focus. The movie portrayed Beowulf cut off his build up so he could kill the dragon and also showed him ripping the dragons vegetable marrow out. He died when he fell off the cl iff with the dragon.Read alikeCompare and Contrast Essay RubricThis made it extraordinarily divergent than the poem, where Beowulf just slayed the dragon without the extra dramatics. Beowulf is considered a heroic figure in the poem because he protected the Danes from the beasts and in the movie he is portrayed more as a liar than a hero. For example he lies about the dragon being his son and having an affair with Grendels get down. This was neer mentioned in the poem. In the movie, Hrothgar is accused of cheating on Welthow with Grendels mother and giving birth to Grendel.In the movie when Beowulf came to protect the country of the Danes he is mesmerized by Grendels mothers beauty til now the poem makes no mention of this. Historically women had no power compared to men and this is why there is very little mention of the queen in the poem. In the movie the queen is a central figure who has much power. Given the times having the queen described as such an all important(p) fig ure is completely inaccurate.In the movie Hrothgar commits suicide which was completely contrasting than in the poem. How does hrothgar die? In the movie, Beowulf is the dragons father and Hrothgar is Grendels father. This knowledge was never described in the poem. The movie leads us to believe that Hrothgar cheated on Welthow and had a controversial relationship with Grendels mother and gave birth to Grendel. In the poem, Beowulf killed Grendels mother when he dove into the water and killed her with a sword. Similarities between the poem and the movie include when Grendel dies when Beowulf cuts off his head and his arm and mounts the arm on the wall.

Hca Case Study

I. Introduction The byplay-level schema is acombined and synchronized exhibition of the obligations and actions that be used by the sloppeds to attain a competitive wages. The firms savor to consume impression abilities in certain product markets. Under this strategy, the firms narrow down their choices on that how they plan to strive in individual product markets. Its meaning(a) that every firm should improve a business-level strategy to arrive the differences between its own place and its competitors places.The bond between the customers and business-level strategies is very important because the customers ar main cause of the strategys success. The bond that a firm develops with its customers creates the value and lucrativeness. There ar five business-level strategies that a firm shouldor chamberpot practice to create and support its chosen strategic mail service a additionst competitors. These include the variation, the m integritytary value leadership, the decoc ted greet leadership, focused preeminence, and the unified cost leadership/differentiation. In chapter 6, it argues these five strategies and side by side with the risks that are associated with distri only whenively other.In chapter 6 they as well as argue corporate level strategies. The corporate-level strategy has emphases on the actions that a firm get hold ofs to attain a competitive advantage by choosing from and handling a collection of different businesses competing in different product markets. These strategies help the firms in choosing on noel strategic positions that are likely to increase the value. The product diversification is avital typeface of the corporate-level strategy. The diversifications in like manner can differfrom the low levels to the high levels. Well normally, the diversification strategy is used to entrap the firms value by improving its whole performance.It is meaty that the managers should attentive to their firms internal organization an d to its external milieu when making decisions regarding the most advantageous level of the diversification. In chapter 7 thither is discussion of amalgamations, takeover, and encyclopedisms. A merger is formed when the two firms mix their businesses with each other. An acquisition is a strategy that involves when star firm purchasing the plenty or all interest into another firm with the aims of making it into a subsidiary telephoner within its own group.A takeover is a type of acquisition where the acquired firm does not ask for the capturing firms proposal. Acquisitions are used for thenumerous reasons, which contain increasing in the market power and oppression the entry obstacles to new markets. Sometimes a firm must reconstitute its self in order to change its pool of businesses or fiscal procedure. This can be done through the downsizingor leveraged buyouts. A firms major destruction for restructuring is to improvement or successful in strategic fudge. II. SWOT Analysi s A. External environment The U. S. wellness interest industry is one of the biggest industries in U. S. The U. S. ospital industry is split with the respective(a) ownership and noticeably different revenue enhancement sources with a small number of the main firms. The HCA was operating in a conservative industry where their aremany challenges and financial constraints. One of the major aspects that affected HCA is the increase quantity of the uninsured Americans citizen. The Columbia/HCAs close was to emphasis on the providing beds for insured diligents to have the profits up. As the number of uninsured Americans citizen increased, it make it harder to keep the beds at full capacity. The increases in health care cost also played a role in the HCAs actions.The inhabit and Triad Hospitals are recognizedas the big competitors for HCA. The HCAs business strategy also puts them in competition in the urban areas mainly against autonomous non-profit hospitals. many a(prenominal) do not have the equal financial performance aims and this helped HCA to be the market leader. B. Strengths and Weaknesses The HCAs strengths involvedarethe leading position in the hospital market, thespacious and place service offerings. The HCA developed such a strategy that dedicated on a main group of market-leading hospitals by utilizing its own financial resources, aesculapian related, and anxiety proficiency personnel.At current, the HCA distillery utilizes this whole operating strategy. The HCA controlledits advanced business practice. After selling its non-hospital business and the other facilities that did not resemble with its strategy, HCA is still persistent to focus on the providing of high quality healthcare. The alliance also has some weaknesses including its negative past and spoiled public image that include charges of the fraud, which headed to the federal government investigations. Over the years, the organizations strengths have generally remained same, exce pt the fact that HCA does not provide the spacious amount of require services.The HCA made a clever choice to focus on solitary(prenominal) giving the hospital services in order to increase its quality and not to be putteringthemselves in other industries. The HCA still is known for its antecedent corruption, but still remains the prominent firm in the hospital industry. C. The Case of HCA 1. The HCAs core capabilities consist of the greater patient care and its functioning strategy it that has been using for many years. Its other core capabilitiesare includesthe financial resources, medical background, and the management proficiency.These competencies build the value for the company by specializing in the removal of excess capacity and the gratitude of the economies of scale. The HCAs organizational resources tally the unique value for the firm. In 1968, the HCA was founded and they operated under aunited cost leadership/differentiation business-level strategy. There was achanc e in the hospital industry to create the low cost services with differentiated qualities, and this is what HCA desired to implement in their system. The HCA was able to suit quickly to the new technologies and fast changes that arose in the external environment of the HCA.The company focused on two resources of competitive advantages-cost and the differentiation in various aspects. The HCA establisheda strong network with physicians and with other healthcare practices under this strategy (HCA, 2011). 2. The HCAs arepurchase of many small unpolished hospitals and the opposing investor-owned health care companies created a positive return on the firms invested capital in market. The HCA acquired these health care facilities in the faith of revolving them into the most profitable hospitals and control the industry for that specific region of state.There were problems of the recruiting in small rural hospitals, but HCAs investments in the equipment and facility renovation have signifi ed change the firms ability to gain the support from small rural physicians. The external factors, such as the great unemployment in the certain or various locations and in the farming communities affected the purchasing of said facilities. The acquired hospitals endlessly had the small staff in contrast with their competitors. However, the HCA focused on limiting of the bed size. The acquired hospitals also had a good amount of oard-certified experts in simile with their competitors. The HCA focused on main renovations and developments for the acquired hospitals for the creation of financial economies. 3. The HCA used twain horizontal and vertical integration for the cultivation of mergers and acquisitions. The Columbian &HCA had such an acquisition strategy in place and the purchasing facilities and in building new facilities that prohibited its offers to purchase. In the firms own integration strategy, the company simply acquiredthe physician practices where HCA were not ste adfastin its investments.The company fixed admission goals for the getting of physicians. The company then owned the coarsely 2,700 medical practices, and these acquisitions then began purchases by nonprofit competitors. 4. The HCA did not aspect too much integration because of its management proficiency. The company established a working strategy to obtain its goal and to succeed in gaining market authority. However, the management appeared to be too focus on the acquisitions and obtaining total power, which landed the company in such derange that, consisted of a federal investigation for fraud.The company had lost focus on the point of quality of service. The firm also had become too wide due to acquisitions. Before the downfall of the Columbia/HCA, it had 2,700 medical practices, many of which were the non-hospital practices (Goldsmith, 1998). The HCA in brief understood that the focusing on size was not really a good strategy for the success path. Overall, the HCA was betwee n the 60% of failures in the merger/acquisition strategy. The merger with Columbia and the hostility to go into the several acquisitions was one of the reasons of HCAs downfall. III. My Impressions of the CaseThe HCA had a great operating standard of the concentrating on patient care, but they lost focus by pushy to control the health care industry. Their business-level strategy primarily started off well but some are developed into one that only attentive on profitability of success of the company. The company soon lost sight of the main goal of satisfying the customer to achievethe value for the company. The HCA focused on the developing acquisitions and mergers to gain more profitability and variation in market. This caused the company to enlarge beyond its ethical operating means.It took the benefit of integration systems in order to take over the industry. This case revealed how a firm can negatively and positively usesthe acquisitions, mergers, and leverage buyouts. Overall, t his case was one of a decent case to change to Chapters 4, 6, and 7 of the text. References Hitt, M. , R. Hoskisson, D. Ireland. (2012). Strategic management Competitiveness & globalization. (10E ed. ) Mason, OH South-Western,Cengage Learning. Montague Brown, Ph. D. (April 1, 1992). Physicians and Management in wellness Care. Jones and Bartlett Learning. April 1, 1992.Jeff Goldsmith. (1998). Perspective Columbia/HCA A Failure Of Leadership. Health Affairs, 17, no. 2 (1998)27-29. Retrieved November 21 2012 from http//content. healthaffairs. org/content/17/2/27. full. pdf HCA Holdings, Inc. (2011). Our History. Retrieved November 21 2012 from http//hcahealthcare. com/ around/our-history. dot McCosh, Jonathan G. (2003). A Strategic Analysis of the Hospital Industry and HCA Incorporated. daybook of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship. Retrieved November 21 2012 from http//www. highbeam. com/doc/1P3-1178660521. html

Actions vs thoughts Essay

Thoughtsthey are the basis for our creativity and are what separate us from other animals. Without cogitateing, we are clean mindless zombies living for the sole intention of surviving. We do not act without putting about thought into it. few say that thinking without an action is pointless, because it will accomplish nothing in the real world . But, that is not true. In mathematics, we connect problems and solve them totally in our heads, and we can ease up those problems in the real world. We have to think ,so that we are able to process what is happening around us and apply it to our situation.Thinking is what leads to actions, so obviously thinking is more all important(predicate) than just an action. Although, in most religions, you have to show your devotion by apply your actions. Which helps prove the quote Actions speak louder than words. But, the actions that are significant enough to be noticed are based on the thoughts that went into creating it.People tend to hold off what they learned when its hands on. They learn by doing rather than thinking. They take to learn from their mistakes , so that they understand how to apply it and correct that mistake. Kinesthetic learners is the interpretation for people who learn better by doing rather than thinking.So, in some instances, thinking it through and being rational and precise is more important than doing. But in other instances, we thrive inexplicably by just expiry with the flow and allowing your actions to speak louder than words to become more important than them.

Warren Buffet and the Company

Relation between Selected from Financial Reviewrabbit warren replication, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, is one of the most successful investors and business executives of all time. He has invested in many industries which raise be seen in the following figureFigure 1 Warren Buffetts Portfolio (Source gurufocus, 2018)From the preceding(prenominal) graph, we give the axe see that the arenas that Warren Buffet has invested are quite akin to the sectors that we have selected. Buffet has invested most (i.e. 42.6%) on the fiscal services.Like orthogonal, we have besides selected one of the companies from the financial sector i.e. National Australian Bank. In cost of their pry of ordinary dispenses using PE dimension valuation model, we have bedded National Australian Bank on the third mooring as per our desirability to invest. Similarly, in the above table, we can see that Buffett has invested 23.4 % of their investment in consumer defensive product.Likewise, among ten, two of the companies that we have selected are also from consumer defensive sector i.e. Woolworths and Coca pot. Like everyone, we very well know that Coca Cola is the favorite pipeline of Buffett. Frankel (2017) also indicated that the party of Buffett i.e. Berkshire Hathaway owns US 16.7 billion sawbuck worth of share of Coca Cola, making this company the third largest stock investment of Buffett.In the above figure, we can also see that Buffett has invested 4.3% on the energy sector. We have also selected three companies from the energy sector and rank the AGL Energy on the top list of our desirability to invest as this company has got the highest honor of ordinary share from PE balance valuation Model.Since actual estates and EFT, options, preferred are the least invested company as per the Warren Buffetts portfolio, it seems we are quite similar in that field, as we also have not chosen any companies from those sectors. 5. Comparison between Warren Buffets Approach and grant Valuation Techniques used in the ReportWarren Buffet uses various hailes to come close the value of shares, such as, earning bow, historic earning growth and sustainable growth.Buffett uses earning yield flack as it represents the rate of go past which can be used to compare with another(prenominal) investment more quickly. Buffet normally compares the earning yield of a company with long term government bond yield and selects the one which earning yield is near to the government bond yield. In terms of historical earning approach, Buffett hurl the annual compound rate of return on the basis of historical earnings per share increased.The next approach of Buffett is based on the sustainable growth rate model where he utilizes the mediocre rate of return on equity and average retention ratio so as to calculate the sustainable growth rate (Bajkowsi, n.d.).Sustainable growth model approach of Warren Buffett is similar to one of the share valuation techniques used in week 6- Cha pter 10 i.e. P/E ratio valuation model.It is because, match to Bajkowsi, the sustainable growth rate is utilize to estimate the book value per share in year ten and earnings per share can be measured in year 10 by multiplying the average return on equity with the projected book value per share. Then, estimate earning per share is multiplied with average P/E ratio to sound the future price.Therefore, we prefer to use the P/E ratio valuation model because it is also one of the approaches used by the best investor of the world, Warren Buffet. 6. RecommendationIn terms of company, it is very wise to invest in AGL Energy club as this company has the highest value of ordinary shares from P/E ratio valuation model compare to others. In terms of approaches and techniques regarding share valuation, it is wise to go for PE ratio valuation model.When making the investment decision, it is very helpful to follow the techniques and approaches used by the best investor of the world, Warren Buf fett, as his experience, techniques and approaches can be very well utilized to select the best investments.7. ConclusionTherefore, in terms of investments, we have come to conclusion that we will be place in AGL Energy Company as it has the highest value of ordinary share from PE ratio valuation model which is also highly utilized by Warren Buffet in terms of his share valuation.Warren Buffet is one of the best valued investor of the world, thus, it is very wise to follow the approach and techniques used by the Warren Buffet. Warren Buffett has invested most on the financial and Consumer defensive sector, thus, apart from AGL Energy, the companies that have occupied the second and third position in terms of our desirability to invest are Woolworths and National Australia Bank.though there are various share valuation approached used by Warren Buffet and mentioned in our week 6-chapter 10, we prefer to use PE ratio valuation model as this approaches also helps to compare the prices of the firms in the same area of economy (Kennon, 2018).

Anthony Burgess’s novella Essay

Anthony burghers novella A Clockwork orangish, written in 1962, explores the destruction of the lives of the protagonists private worlds and presents a potential nightmarish parliamentary law. The reader sees the mindless violence preformed by Alex and the Droogs du sonority the face in which they destroy the writer, F Alexander, and ravage his wife. The lives of the gang search to piss a contradiction as they are trying to fix an pick society with those who he decides are acceptable, it appears to the reader as a dystopian one.A dubiety calculates to arise as to whether the protagonists have allow will, or whether their runions are pre determined by fate. Alex believes that every one is born disgust and therefore capable of wicked things. The evilness in the world is unavoidable he does not view this of his testify actions. burgess novella poses the question is a man who chooses the destruction of others perhaps in virtually substance better than a man who has the t raditional ways imposed upon him? This is a dilemma that is never solved in Alexs private world.Burgess created a character that has to go to the furthest consequence to feel free it seems that he was made evil by the g all overnance, perhaps presenting an craftist, as he approaches the ultra violence as though it was a piece of art to be admired, the malenky cri ches from the wife with the beating of disastrouss fisty work seem standardised music to Alex, Emphasised by the dancing around Dim did at the same time. This scene can be eluded with the real feeling experience of the authors wifes brutal attack, where she was defeat and transportd in the early 1940.Burgess states -it was certainly no diversion to write. Burgess uses the experience of his wife to the destruction of the protagonist, While I ripped away at this and that. shows the violence. Even if it was in simple words, make the act itself seem analogous a simple one to Alex. The act of rape itself is a primitiv e, atavistic act, a nightmarish vision celebrated by Alex and the Droogs and it is more like an animal act as they were roaring like some animal before it began While the deem itself is a fateful tale where bands of adolescent hooligans roam, and rule over the towns at night.Although this is ironic out-of-pocket to the violent nature of the protagonists and it shows Alex as an atavistic There seems to neither be aspects of the bystander effect especially in this scene, as the violence is known simply the government does not get in the way to prevent from happening. Alex has a robotic quality, like the title he is in addition clockwork, linking to the malenky toys. toys usually beingness for children, exhibit Alexs young age of 15 when he describes the crime in this passage.We can say Alex exercises his free will here. He choose to some extent evil, and is then robbed of his free will when sent to prison and utilize as an experiment, thus make him nothing more then a shell o f who he was. Its not free will as the drugs enhance their experience showing it as bought on by drugs at bottom the milk kind of of his decisions although we can see he would want to overstretch the violence anyway although it makes it difficult to view his actions as free.He does deliberate he is choosing to be free by not conforming to the government and doing what he wants as he tries to rebel against this society. This is viewed as more of a rebellion to free him as is felt to be based on Russias political state which had a communist government and this shake most western countries big(p) the novel poor reviews when it was originally publish and it became banned from many countries.The title originated from an English pub, from the phrase As lie in wait as clockwork orange presenting something as natural, organic on the outside notwithstanding working as a mechanical object. Indicating the twisted actions performed by Alex. withal with the Russian political movement at the time, it is present as nihilistic as Russia sought to bring a new society by destroying the old one through terrorism and assassination.Oh Brother is repeated, Alex acknowledges the reader, this cohesive device links Alexs destruction he even shows this through the passage, making it more emotive to the reader with and I began to feel like in distress, o my brothers, To show us his discomfort, here is a dystopian theme of humiliation which to a fault features when he is in prison he is the figure of everyman, there are many more like him in this society and this is where they will end up sooner or later.Burgess intentionally put 21 chapters as a subtle gesture that this was the age of adulthood as he looks back on his life, reflecting on what he wants his child to then be like. The violence seems to be dowery of a dystopian fantasy and is mirrored to the violence of the sixties, the Mods and Rockers giving the book proportions not only to the Russian revolution still to English problems around the time. He also writes the book in much(prenominal) a way that he adds words that have no relation to the English language called Nadsat which is a mixture of cockney English and Russian.This in effect provides us the choice as to whether or not we craving to engage and understand the violence actions as the words make it seem less violence. In this nightmarish vision the protagonist has lost something, cod to monstrous force, additionally in the sacrifice of Alex later in the book where the government use him in the experiment for a new treatment, Or when F Alexander uses him as a guinea pig for his own exploits to hold against the government, and having the feeling of displacement as they can not get well why this is happening in their place of safety, and in ruining the home.It also suggests there is a lack of justice, Alex views his way of living as Utopian dream from the effects of Milk Plus and Cancers. Emphasising how Burgess uses the word Cance rs instead of cigarettes to emphasize the negative connotation of the word, implying that it always brings death in the end, also it makes Alex seems uncaring that he can use the word so often, not caring about what is actually means.A society itself is meant to change over time but as this is a dystopian one it has no progression. Burgess didnt like the idea that society could become senselessly totalitarianism where the laws and conditions appropriate to the mechanical creation and the mechanical creation being the Clockwork Orange. He pull upes that one of the main themes in the book is the danger of a totalitarianism society in the belief that Alex and the Droogs are trying to create a new society through destruction.In conclusion, the rules of the government demean Alex, and others of his age to the extremes they go to so they can feel free. In this extent they deliberately dehumanise others. The passage presents this horror with a scene in which there is a death but no just ice making the dystopian theme for a place lacking justice ring true. Burgess set out in this iconic novella to express a system of social disarray through the eyes of a protagonist, immersed in a world of double standards and duality.

Cooking Paper Essay

In the article by retire Bitten, he makes the harmony that most people posterior feed themselves a healthy repast at home for less money than a meal from the local anesthetic fast feed establishment. His position is that solid nourishment cooked at home is much nutritious, better for the environment and better for families in general. I agree with Mark Bitten, Junk solid food such as McDonalds which most cast down income families hit for dinner cause its cheaper instead of having something healthy like broccoli which is less affordable is the problem America is having. All of this junk food is the reason why Americans are so overweight, when in fact hyper touch food remains more expensive than food cooked at home. The presidential term subsidies given to the fast food companies are ridiculous. There are five fast-food restaurants for every super market in the United States.The adjusted rising prices price of fresh produce has increased by 40 part while inconceivable the price of soda and processed food has lessen by as much as 30 percent. There could be hundreds of arguments and statements made about this article but what it comes down to to stop our unsophisticated from dying is real cultural changes. Cooking at home and fashioning food had to become part of normal life, Americans need to see that McDonalds is hurting them more then its helping them. There addictive behaviors are influencing younger kids to be born into bad habits and start a chain of obesity and eating bad.Efforts are being put into slowly stop this, Grocery stores in California are making things affordable for low income people, Zoning laws are restricting the number of fast food restaurants in certain areas, and there have been several programs to educate and wee fresh food areas around America. Personally I have not eaten McDonalds, Wendys or Burger King in 11 years and have made efforts to show how bad there food really is and how harming it is. hopefully people can see the negative effects Junk food has on Americans and the positive effects cooking food at home it has on Americans and this problem can be resolved so we can live in a better world.

IPT Marketing Technology

Once IPTs website is complete, the company will have a fantastic opportunity to character several simple mechanisms in order to capture selective information on its customer base. An online sign-up form in which customers input key data on with their Email address will be instrumental in fine-tuning merchandise efforts which target specific markets. Permission-based Email marketing will involve direct promotional messages to the list of addresses in the database at least once monthly. petition all customers to complete a short, online survey form after localization of an order or at various random times as consumers are browsing the site will direct IPTs efforts to pee-pee a more satisfactory experience for the customer from a benefit standpoint. The website can besides be configured to provide an online ordering dodging for commercial customers, making it easier and more convenient for them to place orders.Spreadsheets can also be used in conjunction with existing sales s oftware package. By assigning customer numbers and tracking purchases, IPT will be fitting to determine its best customers in terms of buying frequency and horse amounts. Spreadsheets can be created to track the spending habits of retail, corporate and wholesale customers as well as show trends relating to business trains throughout the year, also know as a recency frequency monetary value tool (Alexander, 2007). In this way, IPT will have a strong foundation on which to base marketing promotions after a year or less(prenominal) of tracking.Creating a database of information from each customer will also attending in retention of loyal customers. CRM principles are based on a foundation of knowing the customer at the most intimate level possible and then using this information to align benefits with consumer adopts (Alexander, 2007). As IPT expands geographically, the purchase of CRM software specifically designed to be used in a networked system will be a necessity. Such softwa re will also contain report-building features so that IPT is able to analyze the data in several different ways.Eventually, IPT will want to develop its own, unparalleled loyalty program with incentives offered to its top percentage of customers. Incentives do not need to be monetary-based, but can be as simple as tracking occasions when the customer may want to send gifts, such(prenominal) as relatives birthdays, etc. ReferencesAlexander, Peter (July, 2007). Use data to Build Customer Loyalty. Retrieved February 5, 2008 from the Entrepreneur.com Website http//www.entrepreneur.com/technology/techtrendscolumnistpeteralexander/article182362.html.

Is Creativity Essential in Learning?

After the review of three elt designer approaches-the silent way, suggestopedia and be physical retort, we grow devised our own philosophy of teaching. We rely that creativity is requisite to learning and if the students are making an effort on their part and discovering things for themselves the figure of self-reliance is evolved and since the students are active and autonomous in exploration so the learning would be more hard-hitting. We believe that for oral communication learners, the speech communication would arrange itself as a problem or a riddle to be solved.Learners are required to engage with the phraseology and try to discover and seek it. We believe that peer cooperation is an important factor in learning. This enhances the level of trust and patience among the students and students learn a lot from each other yet sensation drawback to this is that they also learn each others mistakes. Furthermore, students are asked to review and overview what they fork up learned in the affiliate. It is by this activity of self correction by dint of self-awareness that the students learn to deconstruct and then reconstruct.We believe that the use of sound-color chart is rightfully effective in language learning. This chart contains all the sounds of the chump language in different colors. Students learn syllables, words and then sentences of the target language through these charts. We believe that the psychological barriers that students bring with them be desuggested. These can be desuggested both by direct and indirect way. Once the student succeeds to finish up his doubts and fear, his performance in learning will become quite slatternly and effective. We believe that activating the learners imagination will abet learning.For example, the learners can perform or take up a role or character in the target language that could place them inside the language they are learning. We also believe that when the students are exposed to the informa tion as part of an environment, they grasp it more hands down with less effort. The use of charts and posters related to the target language are one example of this. Moreover, the teachers authoritative role is of prime importance. The principal(prenominal) role of the teacher is to deconstruct the self-perceived barriers and to encourage and support the students so that they have enough confidence in themselves.This would improve and enhance their learning ability. computer error toleration encourages the students to learn from their mistakes and improve upon. Language is more effective when it is pleasure and here the main focus is on the spoken language. The use of commands in language learning makes it interesting. A complete lesson can be knowing on the verbs by employing this technique. For example Slice some bread. Spread the cover to all corners of bread. Put piece of meat on one firearm of bread. We believe that the use of The Arts incorporate fun in the class and th e students can enjoy their learning.The Arts enables suggestions to reach the subconscious of students. This method maintains a modest enthusiasm among the students. We believe that students should be encouraged to understand the target language before speaking. This method will provide the quick response from students. This will activate the learners imagination and help in learning. Motor activities involved plays an important role upon the cognitive learning of students . We believe that humor in the class make students stress-free and learning is more effective when students are in a relaxed state of mind.

Qualified nurse during a clinical placement Essay

stopping point reservation establish end devising is of the essence(predicate) to encourages in todays society, ( Thompson et al 2002) as a number of policy and professional imperatives correspond that bears have to worry s light-coloredly the findings they beat and the focussing in which they make them. The governing has produced several policy initiatives (DOH 1989, 1993a, 1993b 1913c,1994, 1995, 1996a, 1996b,1997, 2000, 2000) which have led to the creation of an examine found health flush culture ( Mulhall & Le May 1999). Thompson et al (2002) gestate that poor finality fashioning leave behind no long-lived be acceptable, the government aim to examine professional performances and the startcome of clinical finale qualification for the first time. Evidence constitute get along will no longer be an optional extra precisely a requirement of all health feel for professionals.The aim of this essay is to crumple and evaluate a finding do by a hold dear in a community utilise. The fountain will highlight why she chooses the particular issue and how it is important to breast feeding. The author will domiciliate an overview of ii general getes to decision devising, rational and phenomenological, by evaluating and analyzing them. The author will matter decision make theories, and try to apply them to the decision qualification emergence witnessed in her community situationment. She then aims to show, how they should or could have been used as an aid in hard-hitting decision do. She will also run across influencing factors that effected the decision making process. A pseudonym is used end-to-end the essay to protect the affected roles identity, as stated in NMC (2002) code of professional conduct section 5.The tolerant chosen for the decl argon oneself of this essay will be give earred to as Jo. Jo is 53 year erst part(a) women who suffer with rheumatoid arthritis. This also resulted in Jo having bilateral hip replac ements. Jo is on steroid discourse, which attracts to thinning of the skin and susceptibility to trauma (Mallet and Dougherty 2001). Jo lives with her husband and twain gr experience upsons. Jo was refereed to the soil view as on her discharge from hospital following her second hip replacement. The initial referral was to check the surgical annoy. even on arrival it was pointed out by Jo that she had a skin pull in on her left shin that wasnt ameliorate. The district keep back performed an estimate and concluded the go against was a venous stage ulcer as it had been present for 6 calendar weeks. The district declares used Sorbisan and Telfa to dress the wound. Twice hebdomadal visits were carried out to Joe for a further 4 weeks, and it became obvious that the ulcer was non improving. The district go d give on had to make a decision on what mission to provide. The decision was to try a nonher dressing Aticoat which is impregnated with silver-tongued, and not to refer the tolerant to the ramification ulcer clinic at the local hospital. The district nurse regard with Jos c be was a G grade nurse and in charge of a community example that had 3 other nurses works in it.The author decided to focus on this particular decision, as she was influenced by the amount of manifest ground investigate available on the issue, and how the district nurse chose to turn out the induction, and made a decision on the basis of personal familiarity. The author visited a pin ulcer clinic enchantment on her community placement, and asked the expert nurses running the clinical at what acquaint they would like to see perseverings referred to them. She was told if a wound wasnt healing later 4 weeks the patient should be referred, this selective information was passed on to the district nurse and ignored.The district nurses felt that if he referred all his patients after 4 weeks the leg ulcer clinic at the hospital wouldnt be able to cope. In doing this he chooses to ignore the expert advice. I found this very cross and interesting, and as Scott (2004) said we ought to promote good and not cause harm, in Jos case, the action of not referring her to the appropriate expert nurse could be seen as prolonging healing thus ca utilize her harm. I decided to look into further what issues led to him making his decision.To achieve excellence in boot nurses lack to base at that place decision on evidence establish cargon (Parahoo 2002). at that place is no shortage of interrogation on wound concernand the precaution of venous leg ulcers. notwithstanding because look into is found mostly on touch sensations or experience, hence the ontogenesis of guidelines and protocols that have possible use is difficult (Leaper et al 2004). There are many sources of evidence, ledger the Cochran Library database relevant to wound care, tho there is so lots information it would be difficult for nurses to know where to start. Evidence ad vise the management of patients with venous leg ulcers is fragmented and poorly managed ( Carrington 1999).Vowden (1997) agrees and suggests healing rates are poor and treatment costs are high, this could be as a result of nurses not referring patients to appropriate experts for assessment and use expensive, inappropriate dressings much(prenominal) as aticoat, which is impregnated with silver. Although there is evidence to suggest that dressing impregnated in silver and sorbisan are highly effective in heavily exudating wound (Leaper et al 2003& BNF (2004) Jos ulcer was sh supply and not heavily exudating. The evidence for the care of venous leg ulcers strongly points to the uses of 4 layer bandaging. This is demonstrated in Allen and Nelson (1996) work, they found that healing rates improved for patients whoattended a leg ulcer clinic and had 4 layer bandaging utilize.This is also backed up by evidence printed by the RCN(1998), and seek carried out by Nelson (1996), which sugge sts that amid 40 and 80% of leg ulcers heal with the application of compression bandaging. Jo had suffered with her leg ulcer for 10 weeks before a decision was made by the District nurse to change the dressing from Sorbisan to Aticaoat. The use evidence based care, provides the foundation for evidence based utilisation ( Harding et al 2002), the ulcer healing rate and outcome for Jo could have been improved by a readily referral to the leg ulcer clinic, as this is seen as the most effective way to treat leg ulcers ( Musgrove and Woodham 1995).One of the reasons the district nurse was hesitant close referring Jo to the ulcer clinic, was that he felt compression banging is uncomfortable and requires a strict regime (House 1996), and his experience patients didnt often comply. even Jo was not offered the choice. Taylor (1996) believesthat communication with patients is crucial to compliance, he suggest by educating patients it will change them to understand the importance of the compression and assist patient to comply to treatment. patients train to be given up the option of whether they are involved in the decision making process. In Jos case the district nurse made the decisions, he didnt explain alternative treatments to Jo, or explain the 4 layer bandaging to her. In the authors opinion the patient was not given an certain choice.There is a professional responsibility to obtain informed consent from patients before a care for care procedure is carried out (Cable 2003, Averyard 2000, NMC 2002). The ethical issue of informed consent came essentially from the Nuremberg Code (1947)as a result of human experimentation in world war two. This was aimed specifically at humans involved in medical inquiry, however consent is now applied to care for clinical procedures (General Medical Council 1988). There is increasing evidence to suggest that well-informed patients manage their health and treatment burst, this enables them to feel in control of there illness (Ogden 2001) and have better psychological outcomes (Gibson 2001).Although Gibson (2001) argues that knowledge alone does not change health outcomes for patients, to allow Jo to give informed consent she would compulsion information that was relevant to her cultivate and treatment. Jo is an intelligent women and giving her a choice of treatment would have protected her autonomy (Edwards 1996) and individual rights (Caress 2003), however Jo was not offered a choice in treatment, and alternatives were not discussed. The district nurse made a decision and applied the treatment.In doing this the district nurse used his power to manipulate Jo into pass design the treatment the he wanted to give. Giving restricted information the nurse restricted the patients choices to secure her compliance (Lukes 1974). The district nurses actions went against advocating the government Expert Patient Policy (DOH 2000), which highlights the need for changes in society that rigorous individ uals expect to have choices, and be involved in decisionmaking (Kenney 2003). Although Jo gave consent for the treatment given, she did not, in the authors opinion, give informed consent.Decision making stinker be divided into two groups, decision making from a rationalist perspective and from a phenomenological perspective ( sixpence 1987). sensibledecision making is a mistreat by step approach that follows a logical course, and clearly definable stages (Harbison 1991), taking into taradiddle obvious starting points and objectives, assessment stopcocks, policies and protocols. It gives clear predictable outcomes and is process driven. Rational decision making works, on the basis that when a puzzle arises, the decision maker agrees a definition of the paradox anddiscovers all the possible solutions, matches the bother with the recourses and chooses a solution that scoop up matches the problem, and then implement solution( Harbison 1991).This approach fits in well with the c urrent trend towards research and evidence based care (Harbison 1991). Using the rational approach to decision making, makes assumptions that all decision makers will take into consumeation all possible options and consequences, in light of a thorough understanding of a point. tho in practice this approach would be influenced by time constraints, habit and routine, and Harbison (1991) argues that sensitivity could be lost when following a rational approach.Using Phenomenological process in decision making can be seen as a personal individual approach (Easen et al 1996). This approach takes into account nurses opinions and views, for this reason as discussed by Thompson (1999) it can create bias, as it is based on go through expert knowledge. Using expert clinical reasoning the nurses draws on a deep understanding of the patient situation and holistic care call for. perception is a quality thatnurses have traditionally valued (Trueman 2003), however with the development of evi dence based care it is now seen be some to be unreliable, unscientific and un suited for breast feeding practice (Trueman 2003). intelligence has been criticised for not be able to provide a rational for the decision made,however Benner (1984) believes wisdom is understands without a rational.Benner (1984) argues that during a long care for career, nurses can gain a great deal of knowledge and skill practice, this leads to them being intuitive about the decisions they make. Intuition is not something that is measurable according to Benner (1984), it is developed through experience, expertise and knowledge, along with personal awareness and personality. McCutcheon and Pincombe (2001) also believe that there are benefits derived from intuition in practice, much(prenominal) as enhanced clinical judgment and effective decision making. Although Cioffi (1997) argues that holistic patient assessment and improving nurse-patient relationships are being undermined by a drive for evide nce based care. Intuition has been identified as a useful tool as nurses can analysis the situation as a whole rather that a series of tasks (McCutcheon and Pinchcombe 2001).Both the phenomenological and rational decision making theories have a number of strengths and limitations. McKenna (1997) argues that knowledge can only become known by others if it is shared knowledge and communicated to others. McKenna (1997) suggests this causes a problem for the phenomenological model it is almost insurmountable to communicate something which is intangible, and which the practitioner is unable to express. Using a mixture of some(prenominal) theories can create a holistic and well documented procedure.Lauri and Saklantera (1995) using a factor analytical approach found evidence that both Benners (1984) intuitive model, and the hypothico- deductive approach of information processing, had a degree of analytical usefulness in explains the decision making of nurses. The implications were that both had something to offer and uncomplete is often a single solution to explain decision making inpractice.Using a decision making model such as Carroll and Johnston (1990) would have enabled the district nurse to reflect and evaluate the persuasiveness of the care delivered. Carroll and Johnston (1990) outline seven stages of temporal decision making, and acknowledged that these stages may not simply be followed through there sequence, but the nurse can backtrack at any stage. The first two stages of credit and formulation involves the examination and classification of the situation by the district nurse. During a home visit the community nurse may be confronted with a range of patient problems (Bryans and McIntosh 1996). Some of these are discrete and easily recognised, while others are likely to dependent upon various circumstances in the patients life, which are likely to remain hidden unless they are explored by the nurse (Bryans and McIntosh 1996).In view of the fact tha t patient and nurses are strangers to apiece other, Thompson et al (2002) believe this exploration must be skillfully negotiated by the community nurses, if nurses suitably identify needs, and thus begin the process of addressing these needs and planning suitable care. If this part of the assessment had been undertaken effectively by the district nurse, the patient may not have suffered for a long period with the leg ulcer. Bryans and McIntosh (1996) suggest this phase of decision making is generally less conscious and deliberate, and much difficult to articulate, than subsequent phases. Although Elstein et al (1978) suggest this a very important part of decision making it often gets neglected.Many decision making models start with an assessment phase such as Walsh (1998)nursing process, which has quaternity stages of decision making, assessment, planning,implementation and evaluation. If the assessment carried out by the District nurse is poor then the rest of the planning and care delivered will be poor. It has been highlighted in many publications Lait & Smith (1998), Lawrence (1998), Thompson (1999) that a holistic assessment is postulate in the care of patients with leg ulcers. Holistic assessments serve to identify underlie pathology, and ensure correct diagnosis (Moffat & OHara 1995). However the way each individual nurse views the wound will depend on there experience and whether they have come across a similar situation before (Thompson et al 2002). Walsh (1998) highlights the need for a goal to measure against in the assessment phase. In Jos case the tool used, could have been a wound chart.A wound chart was however was not used, so on subsequent visits the nurses used there own judgment on whether the wound had changed. It was however difficult to clearly crystalize the wound, a point highlighted by Flanagan (1997) who warns wound classification can lead to inconsistencies in care. Different nurses visited each time making it difficult to pr ovide continuity of care. The district nurse had defined the objective, which was to treat the leg ulcer. However the planning phase of Walsh (1998) model was not implemented, the nurse did not consider an alternative as identified as important in Schaefer (1974) theory. The best outcome, in the district nurses view, was considered although not in an evidence based way.Carroll and Johnson (1990) refer to the common sense view of decision making, instages 3,4, and 5, alternative generation, information search and judgment or choice. These three stages can be associated with problem solving approaches and with hypothetic deductive models such as Dowie & Elstien (1988). Hypothetic deductivemethod could have been used to identified what was going on with the wound e.g. blood test could have been taken to test for clotting factors, a Doppler could have been used to test for circulation. However nurses cant unceasingly wait for a lab test to give a conjecture so the district nurse thend rew on his experience. However using watching in action (Schon 1983) and taking into consideration of the added problem of Jo being on steroids, he could have put these things into action to help create an evidence based care plan. Carroll and Johnston (1990) usefully includes decision making and subsequent (stages 6, 7) action and feedback. The inclusion of action and feedback in models of decision making has p denomination relevance to Jos community nursing assessment, because her assessment was straight in nature ( Cowley et al (1994). If the district nurses had utilized the information correctly the outcome for Jo may have been more(prenominal) successful. The best outcome for the patient depends on the patients response to treatment the nurses intervention and appropriate use of information gained from the evaluation (Luker and Kenrick 1992).District nurses need to be flexible in providing care in patients own homes, because of the sheer diversity of home environments and lifestyles of there patients. Luker & Kenrick (1992) believe that community nurses have there own personally owned knowledge that they find difficult to withdraw. Benner (1984) would describe this as intuition. However many influencing factors are involved with the nurses decision making, the district nurse that treated Jo had 20 years experience, but in the authors opinion had not used reflective and evidence based practice. The use of reflection enables nurses to learn from there experience and build up an expert knowledge base. However if you dont learn from your mistakes it doesnt make you an expert.02971588 11Experience doesnt always equal expertise. If you are a otiose nurse to start with you may always be a toothless nurse. The district nurse involved with Jos case didnt see to reflect upon his actions and learn from practice but just performed a task. As long as the patient was being visited twice a week it didnt seem to matter how long the wound took to heal, as Thompso n et al (2002) suggest 20 years experience may be no more than one years experience repeated 20 times. harmonise to Walsh and ford (1990) there is a need for assertiveness and thiswas sadly lacking. Walsh & crossbreeding (1990) argues the lack in assertiveness may be generated from being a mainly female profession, and Corbetta (2003) suggests women that work tend to be judged as inferior. However the district nurse involved in this decision making essay was a man, so I would question whether social conditioning had rubbed of on him. The district nurse seemed to resist altering his practice as enjoin by the ulcer clinic, it was almost as if he had ownership of the patients problem and care, and he saw it as a loser if he had to refer the patient on to a specialist profit.It is the confrontation to change practice that is cited by several authors (Gould 1986, OConner 1993, Koh 1993) as major influence inhibiting the introduction of research into practice. However Parahoo (2002) suggests to change the way nurses work, using evidence based practice, nurses need to think about what they do, how they relate to the deal they care for and generally stimulate a more reflecting and questioning attitude. tuition research articles can generate a reflective approach (Parahoo 2002) although the author is aware that changing practices based on one research article is unsafe.Nurse managers have an important role in coordinated efforts, aimed at providing effective evidence based care. Although not all nurses are incline towards academic work (Jootun 2003), the district nurse was the manager so without him being aware and appreciative of nursing research his team of community nurses provided an undermanned service. However as Sleep (1992) states it is unfair and unrealistic for teachingal programmes to place upon practitioners the burden of introducing research into the workplace, unless the climate prevailing in both service and management spheres is receptive to change.The organisation needs to facilitate changes in nursing to allow the professional as a whole to practice evidence based care (Parahoo 2002). The district nurse worked in a petite isolate practice and his priority seemed to be the setting up of revolutionary PCT policies. Patients with leg ulcers were almost in the way. If the district nurse had a positive attitude towards research and regularly read research articles on wound care, which as Gould (2001) suggest are available in comestible form, thecare provided would have been evidence based effective care.RecommendationsJoint education and clinical career pathways are needed to close the theory practice gap. Many nurses working in small practices are not get the education they need to prove the government with a highly effective and trained work labour. Many organizations within the NHS are busy and overworked. The time is not available for them to update their knowledge and training. To help nurses who work in isolated community practices the setting up of groups or research meetings could enable them to affirm up to date with relevant research, and would enable the effective utilisation of research findings. Nurses can also be encouraged to use expert nurses that are available at many hospitals and PCT. The use of computer networks and interactive computer software and research latesletters could also aid in the implementation of research practice.military ratingCarroll & Johnston (1990) provide a framework for decision making, the author feels if the district nurse had used such a framework the care delivered to Jo could have been more effective and evidence based. The District Nurse didnt evaluate or reflect on the care he delivered. Using decision making model such as Carroll and Johnston (1990) and Walsh (1998) nursing process, the nurse could have delivered evidence based reflective care. Models such as these are used as a guideline to nursing procedures, if they are followed it ensures that patients get best care and that nurses dont become complacent in the care they deliver, but use a systematic approach alongside thereexperiences and expertiseConclusionIntuition has been identified as a useful tool that needs to be recognised within nursing, however a need for a ration approach along side it is necessary. This will enable nurses to provide evidence based care with clear rationales. There are many aspects of nursing that cannot be subjected to measurement, and intuition is one of them, and so is caring. To ignore intuition as a nursing skill would be to turn away the patient of truly holistic care. However I would say that the nurse involved with Jos care was not an expert in the care of leg ulcers, and was baseing his care on limited research. The effect this had on the patient was a poor standard of care.Reference listAveyard, H. 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