“How does Alfred Hitchcock explore the duality of human nature in the film Psycho?” Essay

Alfred Hitchcock uses many ways to explore the duality of human nature in his films, especially in the 1960 horror thriller Psycho. The duality of human nature represents our inner self, aspects that are mainly opposites, the light showing good, the dark showing evil, the natural and the unnatural, are just some examples of human nature. Hitchcock explored the duality of human nature using ways such as lighting, dialogue, camera angles, music, comparing and contrasting what different characters would do when facing the same problem and individuation. According to Carl Jung, individuation is when a person confronts they inner side (usually the dark, negative and evil side). He believed that successful individuation meant that a person not only confronted their dark side, but conquered it as well and that people needed to recognise and confront the negative aspects of their personality or their â€Å"dark† side would destroy the person. This means that inside everyone, there is a darker side, an evil and bad side, that must be confronted, or it will ruin you. By looking at the two main characters Norman and Marion, and two minor characters, Sam and Lila, we can see the duality of human nature. Both Marion and Norman are being confronted with their inner dark self, yet, Marion conquers her dark side, while Norman lets it take over his life. Sam and Lila, however, are mostly seen as good and â€Å"natural†. There are many key scenes throughout the movie Physco, which explore the duality of human nature. Some of these scenes include the opening scene, the scene in which Marion is driving away after taking the money and the parlour scene. The blackness of Psycho’s opening credits sequence symbolizes death and the opening scene of Psycho starts with a pan view of the cityscape of Arizona. The shot, from a wide pan into a dark bedroom, leads the viewer into a dark, secretive space, showing the viewer immediately that we will witness something secretive and dark occurring during the film. The viewer also knows that the theme of hiding from something is established, as the two are hiding their affair, and Sam is hiding, or shying away, from marriage to Marion. We learn that the two have money problems, from Sam, who says, â€Å"I sweat to pay off my father’s debts and he’s in his grave. I sweat to pay my ex-wife alimony, and she’s living on the other side of the world somewhere†, and â€Å"A couple of years and my debts will be paid off, and if she ever remarries the alimony stops. † Marion knows the only problem between the two of them is money, and that if it wasn’t for money, the two could be together. It is at this time, that Marion begins to confront her inner self, the need for more money, so she herself can marry Sam, and not have to worry about her job. When Marion returns to work after her â€Å"lunch hour† she complains of a headache. When Marion’ s boss asks her to deposit $40,000 for him, â€Å"I don’t even want it in the office over the weekend. Put it in the safe deposit box in the bank and we’ll get him to give us a check on Monday instead†¦ † Marion sees this as a chance for her to finally be with Sam and solve all her financial problems. Behind Marion’s desk are paintings of sprawling lands, including images of trees, woods and natural landscape. These images juxtapose her isolation and show her desires for freedom. The scene in which Marion is driving away from Phoenix is also a key scene in which Hitchcock explores the duality of human nature. We see Marion driving away, after she leaves Phoenix and after she meets with the Police Officer, trades her car, and as she does so, the audience sees how uneasy she feels, the tension in her expressions, and we hear the imaginary voices she is hearing in her head, about what may be happening because she has taken the $40,000. Marion is thinking about what the consequences of her â€Å"theft† were, and what is happening back in Phoenix. The audience hears the voices in Marion’s head, the voices of Marion’s boss, her sister, what Marion is thinking. The audience is put into Marion’s mind. We feel the tension when she is being interrogated by the Police Officer and in a way, we feel relieved when she is let off, even though what she did was morally wrong. In many places in this scene, we are put into the point of view from Marion’s perspective, which brings duality of human nature not only to her, but to us as well, as we feel like WE are in the scene. Hitchcock does this as he wants the audience to think, what they would do if we were Marion’s position, which questions our own duality. Marion, while she is driving away with the stolen money, has currently let her dark, inner side take over her. She is taking advantage of her boss’s trust in her and is doing this out of personally greed and wealth. Here, Hitchcock is showing us what giving in to your inner dark side can result in. One of the major key scenes in Psycho that shows how Hitchcock explored the duality of human nature is the parlor scene, between Marion and Norman. At the start of the scene, after Norman returns from the house with milk and food, they converse briefly outside on the porch, and we see a reflection of Norman on the window. This shows his other side, his â€Å"mother† side, which has just been â€Å"lit† in him. The framings of Norman and Marion are unnatural. She is roundly lit, while he is being lit at angles and relatively more dim than Marion. He is a man, offering milk to a woman, and the openness he shows towards her symbolize the fact that he has chosen her as his next victim. However, it is not till they go into the actual parlor that Hitchcock explores the duality of human nature even more. The parlor room is quite small, which forces Marion and Norman to sit quite closely to each other. Even though they are both in the same room, the lighting the two receive is considerably different. Marion sits near a lamp, and her frame looks more lit, and well-rounded, giving her a glowing and warm feeling, as if she is good and positive. It appears to seem that she is redeeming herself from what bad she did before. Norman, however, has a frame with many shadows- a symbol of darkness and evilness and the lighting on him seems both angular and irregular, and unlike Marion, we cannot see the whole of Normans face, like as if Norman is hiding something. Also, while Marion looks like she is at total ease, Norman seems to be irregular and the atmospheres around him seems to be evil and dark. During almost the whole scene, Norman’s left side of his face is the only side that’s visible, while we can see the whole of Marion’s face. While both characters do not look to out of place in they individual frames, when they are put side by side, there is a clear contrast between Marion and Norman. Marion, in light colored clothing, seems to represent goodness and normalness, while Norman, in dark colored clothing, seems to represent evil, darkness, and a sense of abnormality. Here, we see very, very clearly the duality of human nature. Marion symbolizing the good, and Norman symbolizing the bad. But there is even more to this scene that adds onto the duality of human nature. We learn that Norman has a hobby for stuffing birds, and we see them, around the walls of the parlor, the camera often using a low angle shot to capture them. They seem to look over what is going on, and as they appear above Norman, look as though they are overpowering him, making his decisions and such. This shows that while Marion is trying to conquer her inner side, Norman has already let it conquer him. Norman asks Marion â€Å"What are you running away from? † and Marion seems shocked that he would ask. But when Norman says, â€Å"No. People never run away from anything. The rain didn’t last long, did it. You know what I think? I think that we’re all in our private traps–clamped in them. And none of us can ever get out. We–we scratch and claw, but only at the air–only at each other. And for all of it, we never budge an inch†, Marion begins to realize that she needs to go back and get out of her â€Å"trap† instead of trying to run away from it. We also find out that Norman himself is also in a trap, but he says, â€Å"I was born in mine. I don’t mind it anymore†, it shows us that Norman has not been able to conquer his inner side and has let it conquer him. Unlike Norman though, Marion does conquer her inner dark self and we know this when she says, â€Å"I’m very tired. And I have a long drive tomorrow–all the way back to Phoenix†, â€Å"I stepped into a private trap back there and I’d like to go back and try to pull myself out of it before it’s too late for me too. † This again emphasises the point that Marion is the good and natural side while Norman is the dark, evil and unnatural side. So by just looking at some of these key scenes in the film Psycho, we know that Alfred Hitchcock used many ways to explore the duality of human nature. He used lighting to bring some characters into â€Å"good light† and show the â€Å"goodness† in some and the â€Å"darkness† in others. He also used camera angles, the show the sense of normality in some and abnormality in others, making them natural or unnatural. What different characters said also explored the duality of human nature, as the dialogue was very important, as it gave us an inside view to what the characters were thinking as well as what they said. Individuation- confronting and conquering your inner dark side, also explores the duality of human nature. Comparing and contrasting characters was another way Hitchcock explored the duality of human nature as he compared the good characters to the bad, and what different characters would do under the same problem. So, it is clear to see, that Hitchcock used many successful ways to explore the duality of human nature in the film Psycho.

Events: Event Management Essay

Event in a single word means a â€Å"happening†. There are many in our lives. Many of them personal and many relating to a business. While traveling to work you might see or meet a celebrity. It is an event for you. At work you might get a promotion. It is an event. Your company merges with a multinational corporation. It is an event. On your way back from work you meet your former sweet heart and have coffee with him/her. It is an event. When you return home your spouse informs you that the neighbors’ daughter ran off with your cook. It is an event. What is Management? Management is the ability of an individual or an organized group to achieve the result desired by the individual/group within the ambit of constraints imposed by the internal and external environment. A working couple desire to own a house and a motorcar from their earnings. The internal environment is, what is their disposable income, what are their current savings, how much more can they save, what is the area of house they desire and which type of car. Can they adjust to the new situation of spending less without any internal disputes between them? Can they take on the added responsibilities of paying EMI’s for both the new assets? And many more questions & issues. The external environment is the presumption of no increase in taxes, stability of employment, availability of loans for both assets at reasonable rates of interest, cost of both the assets as envisaged and other related issues. If both match substantially you have â€Å"managed† your personal objectives. However, if you find that the internal environment result in a mismatch of cash flow you may drop the idea of buying a car initially or you may decide to buy a smaller house or may decide to shift your residence to distant suburbs or may decide to postpone your decision of purchase to another period till the internal environment is more conducive. You have once again been â€Å"managed† by a change / alteration in personal objectives. In business the situation is the same. You want to start your own business in events. Your internal environment is. Your ability to bring in capital. Your ability to raise loans. Your connections with the industry, your leadership, marketing, financial abilities, your vision, your objectives, your objectives, your place to do the business, your staffing capabilities , your ability to take risks and other related issues. The external environment will be: Competition in the industry, Stability of the macro economic factors, the spend on the event business/industry, availability of competent Staff at the right costs, availability of the right office, godown, workshop space to suit your budget, the willingness of contacts to network for your cause, availability of finance at right rates, legal aspects of event business and other related issues. If both your internal and external environment suits your situation you are in the â€Å"event business â€Å"or for that matter any business. If the law bans â€Å"entertainment events† you may change your objectives and do only corporate/religious events. IF workshop space far exceeds your budget cost you may outsource parts of production to production – house; you have â€Å"managed†. Event Management â€Å"Event Management means and includes strategically and competently managing an organized â€Å"happening† so that the goals/objectives/purpose of holding that event are substantially achieved by allocation of resources on hand so maximum advantage both economic and strategic is achieved. An event is generally planned well in advance in a logical and coordinated manner as there are no retakes in an event. In many cases â€Å"Event Management† is synonymous with â€Å"Disaster Management†. In an event disaster is waiting to happen. A planned well coordinated event averts or at best mitigates a disaster. Event Management essentially is part of a marketing exercise. We are aware that Marketing is categorized into Indirect Marketing and Direct Marketing. Indirect Marketing is essentially advertising and publicity. The message is addressed to the world at large which includes that segment of the market which is prospects and probable converts to the brand/product/service advertised and/or publicized. The reach of advertising/publicity is substantial and a variety of mediums are used to solicit custom of the world at large. It has proved substantially effective which is evidenced by huge spends on advertising more specifically by corporate and business. As opposed to that, Direct Marketing is addressed to a specific audience or a target segment, be it in the form of Direct Mailers, Tele Marketing, P.R. Meets, Salesmanship, Emails and Events. In case of Direct Marketing the focus is clear and the audience/target is specific. Event Management as Part of Direct Marketing: Designing and producing an event – whether it be a meeting, corporate event, fund-raising gala, conference, convention, incentive or other special event such as a wedding has been compared to directing a movie but is actually more like a live stage production. It is done in one take and there no dress rehearsals. An event is the reflection of the corporate entity. It is part of the direct marketing the corporate has programmed. It gives direct access to the target market which it needs to address, be it a sales conference, a fund raiser, a religious sammellan, a road show or any other event. An event gives the corporate a focus on the right audience and keeps in making the audience aware of the policies, programs, the marketing of ideas to this target group. There is a direct exchange of information between the corporate and its target audience. It creates a bond between the management and the audience for whom the event has been organized. An event is that aspect of Direct Marketing where the communication it proposes to convey is not dissipated nor it is to the world at large. It is narrowed to that segment or group with whom the corporate/management needs to identify with. Events are big business the world over and there are professional firms who organize the set up of such events. Events actually flow from the marketing or the corporate team in any large organization. It is these teams that decide whether an event will help in furtherance of the marketing plan and how and to whom the event needs to be addressed. Once the holding of an event is decided upon, the major part of organizing of an event is looked into. This will include the theme, the place and the logistics. And of course the budget. In India the event industry is in a nascent stage. The industry is disorganized and every individual who organizes a birthday party classifies himself as an event manager. There are very few firms in the country who organize and set up events as professionals with a proper vision, infrastructure, systems and personnel. Correct figures are not available but it is estimated that corporate spends are around Five Thousand Million rupees in the organization of events annually and with globalization and influx of multinationals; the industry is expected to grow at a phenomenal 50% per year. The first series of questions the corporate management/marketing team needs to ask are: 1. Should I hold an event? 2. Which target group needs to be addressed at the event? 3. What are the funds required to stage an event? 4. Can the company afford to set aside part of the marketing budget for organizing an event? 5. Is the purpose of the event important to justify the outlay? 6. What would be the benefits accruing to me both financially as well as strategically? The same questions, in a different format, are applicable to non–corporate events. Take â€Å"Weddings† for example. Wedding is a social/personal event. To put it in the humorous text â€Å"it is a public display of a private intention†. It has a target audience of friends, relatives and business associates. It has a theme, strategy and budgetary constraints. It is a happening of a lifetime, which should be remembered not only by the bridal couple and their immediate families but also by all the invitees. Many times it is more complex in execution as compared to corporate events. It is estimated by India Today in one of its 2007 – 2008 issues, the Indian Wedding Industry to be worth about Rs 50,000 cores. This includes everything. From jewelry, to clothes, to food and beverage, venues, ceremonies of various events connect with the wedding.

Journal Topic 2-A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Topic 2-A - Essay Example This means that they easily change their cultural beliefs to match that of the majority. Racial or ethnic heritages are socially constructed and lead people of the same heritage to acting and undertaking activities in a certain way, or having a common way of life. National ethnic or racial identity of people of color is more likely to change than that of the white people. Though ethnic of racial identities are socially constructed, they are more flexible for the people of color than they are for the white. People of color make up the minority ethnic groups in America and therefore for them to attain the American nationality, they usually need to make changes to the group’s specific way of living and beliefs. They also need to adopt the whites’ ways and be assimilated to the white culture (Benshoff and Sean 60). They therefore adopt the white culture therefore losing their ethnic identities though the physical characteristics remain. The physical identities include the skin color and others like

Ebusiness website analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ebusiness website analysis - Essay Example The e-book website provides information to its customers, the website serves as a face value to the customers as well as sales and marketing activities are also taking place on the website. The order taking from the customers, the delivery to the customers and the constant focus on customer service depicts that this website is an e-commerce website. The ebook website also focuses on internal processes such as human resource for creating their own e-books and selling them as well, development of new products, knowledge management elements and so on. The ebook website provides ebook software for the customers for professionally creating their ebook and selling them into the e-business market as well. These factors mostly cover the e-business requirement for any organisation that is operating online. Therefore the purpose of selecting the ebook website is that after careful examination it can be clearly depicted that this website is an e-commerce as well as an e-business website and has a strong core concentration in the customer relationship management issues. E-CRM can be defined as the combination of the following elements such as the commitment of management, the application, the hardware and software elements of the business (Dyche, 2001). The success of e-CRM greatly depends upon the objectives of the organisation. E- CRM can be categorized into two types. They are the Analytical e-CRM and the Operational e-CRM. Analytical e-CRM can be defined as a continuous process of the data collection process of the customer (Burnett, 2001). The main aspects that deal with analytical e-CRM are in the identification of needs of the customers and then accordingly fulfilling the needs of the customer. It is an utmost necessity to address the needs of the customers at all times for successful business requirements. The web based emails; fax and other such types of

Scenario Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scenario - Case Study Example These are the underlying assumptions on which my response is formulated. A consideration of the more obvious problems leads me to suggest that the trash and garbage problem can be quite easily remedied. We will immediately clean up the trash and garbage in the water and land around the docks and restaurant areas, and will install new, durable, brightly colored trash and garbage containers, well-marked and of adequate size. Attractive signs, using a humorous approach (choking boats with emotional expression), will be placed at each trash and garbage can, to invite usage. Discarded items around the repair and maintenance facility will be disposed of properly, off-site, in accordance with the law. The spare parts stored in 55 gallon oil drums will be covered. The greasy muck outside the warehouse doors will be cleaned, and kept clean, and the source evaluated and curtailed. Safety trenches will be installed around areas with liquid storage tanks of paints, solvents, resins and other mat erials, and these areas will be protected from rain by roofing and, if necessary, enclosure. The safety trenches will be cleaned out regularly to prevent overflow. All toxins and pollutants will be disposed of in compliance with the law. As a boatyard and marina, we need to obtain a generic NPDES permit, which involves the design and implementation of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Best Management Practices to protect the waterways from toxins contained in the oil, paints and solvents used and inadvertently deposited on our site. A management committee will be appointed to create our plan and apply for the NPDES permit. The application, permit assistance and a sample plan are available online (State of Florida, 2011). The committee will be advised to carefully consult these resources, and also to obtain other technical assistance and mentoring, in support of this project. To obtain proper information, mentoring and technical assistance, both on-site and distance advising, our marina will apply to join The Florida Clean Marina Program (Fish-Tale Marina, 2008) and receive official designation. This will provide structure, consistency and goal orientation to management. In addition, all Area Managers will be directed to carefully familiarize themselves with relevant sections of a supremely useful Marina Environmental Best Management Practices Web Site (New York Sea Grant, 2008), as a model for recommending and implementing new area procedures. Procedures which minimize pollution risk will be evaluated and adopted, including, for example, dustless sanders, tarp enclosures, non-toxic paints, regular fuel tank inspections, thorough draining of fuel tanks prior to waste disposal, using cleaning solvents that are not chlorinated, ammoniated or petroleum-based, proper cleaning and disposal of spills, appropriate management of floor drains, and covered protection from rainfall. Area Management meetings will be held to formally endorse recommended pro cedures for each area. A Clean Area Award system will be implemented to encourage friendly competition among employees. The monthly award(s) for Cleanest Area(s) will involve a prize of donuts and sugar-free,

American CEOs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American CEOs - Research Paper Example This is because the public is concerned that unfair CEO compensation can lead to disproportionate distribution of wealth. This paper argues that outrageous CEO compensation can result in depriving the shareholders, force the workers to accept reduced pay and lead to an imbalance which could be unsustainable in the long run for the organization as well as for the shareholders. The different forms in which CEOs were compensated have evolved over the years. In the 1980s the CEO compensation comprised mainly of cash salary and bonus with only 30% CEOs being granted the stock options. By 1994 options became a major component comprising of 70% of the CEOs receiving new option grants (Core, Guay and Larcker, 2003). Stock options thus became a major component of the CEO equity incentives. Theories have been cited to explain the CEO pay packages but according to Otten (2208) the executive pay packages are set by â€Å"simple† economics. It is often believed that the CEOs need to be com pensated for the risks they take and hence the market forces set the packages. Qualified professionals are few and hence valuable. They have to be offered incentives as they take on additional risks for value-increasing decisions, it is argued. Compensation takes various forms such as bonuses, shares and option grants. In other words, Otten argues, they are paid by performance and based on experience and seniority. If CEO pay could boost firm performance then imbalance would not occur but there is no support in empirical studies that there is a link between corporate financial performance and executive pay. Professor Kaplan argues that CEOs are underpaid and their compensation is based on the stock performance of the company. Walsh (2008) counters this stating that it is difficult to ascertain whether the CEO has been paid for his own performance or for his predecessors. Besides, the stock prices are always industry-adjusted and do not reflect the actual performance of the company. Since compensation is based on level of seniority and qualifications, the CEOs take home much more money than an average American worker (Walsh, 2008). The disproportionate distribution of wealth is evident from the fact that in 1980 the CEO made 42 times the average worker’s salary. This ratio increased to 107 in 1990 and 525 in 2000. The top 1000 CEOs took home 7% of their sales in 2005 which collectively amounts to Bolivia’s GDP, says Walsh. The Director compensation at Enron was $380,619 in cash and stock, which was the seventh highest director remuneration at that time (Brick, Palmon & Wald, 2006). Locke (2008) contends that the average workers’ pay adjusted for inflation increased by only 4.3% while the CEO compensation increased by 298 percent. While the median US salary in 2008 was $36,140, the CEO of Washington Mutual earned $5.8 million; the CEO of Boeing earned $19 million while a Church Facilities Manager earned $42,000. The imbalance is further endo rsed by Baker and Fung (2002) who argue that the wages of workers have been declining since the 1980s while the CEO pay has been increasing. Even before taking into account the value of stock options and bonuses, the CEOs in the US received compensation that was twice as high as any other nation. There is no evidence that the CEOs of the US firms are more productive than the CEOs of other nations. The markets know that the true cost of CEO is deliberately hidden (Baker & Fung, 2002).

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Business Law - Essay Example One can say that barrister’s line of work does not involve management and administration of legal work related to personal or company clients. Their practice involves representing their clients in case in front of judge, and jury to advocate. The law society of England and Wales define barristers as legal professionals â€Å"who are instructed by the solicitors and have little or no legal contact with the client† (The-Law-Society, 2010) Solicitors are also type of lawyers however their line of work is more related to work in Magistrates and County Courts. Advocacy is small part of their line of work and they are more involved in dealing with commercial and personal dealings that involve legal work, corporate matters, land, and other possessions work. The law society defines Solicitors as legal professionals â€Å"who advice on all kind of legal matters, from buying a home to selling of a corporation†(The-Law-Society, 2010) There are many differences between solicitors and barristers; however at the same time it is hard to define them separately. Many times their professions cross line and overlap each other’s work. It can be said that barristers are types of lawyers who only represent their client in the courts or in front of jury; they are normally instructed by the solicitors rather than the client. Their line of work mostly involves advocacy. On the other hand Solicitors are the type of lawyers who can be involve in many legal aspects such as preparing a case, advising, drafting legal work, and basically doing daily management of a legal case. (David and Brierley, 1978) Other differences could be minor and can be as many as 7-10. For instance one of the differences is that a Barrister will have a specialized knowledge and practice of one aspect of legal system, and Solicitor’s practice will be more related to general knowledge of legal system. (Zander, 2007) One easy way of defining these professions separately

The Technological Advance of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Technological Advance of Religion - Essay Example As people gain more technology they gain also a sense of independent conceit that there is no need to depend on God for provision, or to look to God for answers. The more people discover and learn about the things that surround them the more they take for granted they can control and be in charge of these things. Before the time science saved lives through medicine and people were instilled with a God complex because of such triumphs, there was a time when people had less answers, but more certainty; the type of assurance that came from the heart and not from experiments. The era of life lived with more emphasis placed on spiritual meditation than rational inquisition. Before Christianity came onto the scene, paganism was the primary religion which practiced an earth based worship of all aspects of nature. There was a god of rain, a god of sun, a god of harvest, and many other gods they prayed to for prosperity. Polytheistic religion is a religion that believes in multiple gods as pa gans did. This practice was the result of the human need to explain what could not readily be understood in the absence of science. Phenomena such as weather and fertility were attributed to these different gods and could explain the instability in nature. The separate deities needed to be persuaded to provide for humanity, or pacified into not harming them. Polytheistic religions, therefore, had many customs and rituals intended to accomplish this. Worship practices of all sorts were designed, literally, to manipulate pagan gods into making the world habitable, granting its people success. It was also necessary for everyone to follow those practices, since even just one person apparently snubbing their idol might cause that idol to become angry and lash out or fail to provide some needed gift to all humanity. As religion developed, science did too. Because of the exalted nature of religion, questions regarding its validity, especially in its earliest days of expansion were unwelcom e. As science advanced in its expeditions however, more questions regarding the validity of religion arose. One thing religion and science have in common is that neither has all the answers. In religion that is because faith is the platform it stands on. Science in their criticisms and arguments of religion continuously fails to appreciate this. Religion acknowledges a creator, science strives to recreate and comes up short at times in its endeavors to do so. Like Darwin when he proposed his theory of evolution to describe the origin of our species, how we came to exist! Evolution can be briefly summarized in five stages. 1) Variation- there is variation in every population. 2) Competition- organisms compete for limited resources. 3) Offspring- organisms produce more offspring than can survive. 4) Genetics- organisms pass on genetic traits to offspring. 5) Natural selection- Organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. In every population a mut ation in the gene pool will cause a mutation in the development of the species resulting in a change of the species itself overtime. Survival of the fittest is a Darwin doctrine stating that the strongest will outperform the weaker for available resources such as food and habitat subjecting the weaker of its species to death. The more offspring you have, the more success for your genes to be passed down and to thrive in the specific environment. The claim Darwin makes from evolution suggests humans share its ancestry with apes. The theory of evoluti

Memento - Christopher Nolan's Theme of Vengeance for the Death and Movie Review - 2

Memento - Christopher Nolan's Theme of Vengeance for the Death and Dishonesty - Movie Review Example This paper focuses on describing how the film is shot and how this affects audience perception of the action. It further discusses how this affects audience perception of short-term memory. This film is shot in a manner where it begins with the film’s end scene and ends with the characters describing or resolving events or issues presented, in the film, which is actually never explained fully. This unique non-linear narrative structure matches Shelby’s character and behavior. This is because he remembers events and issues in short increments of time, but continues with the pursuit for his wife’s murderers. In this context, the viewers perceive the film just like Shelby perceives life, which is broken and out of order, but later makes sense through Shelby’s restrictive narrations, multiple story plots and a number of close-ups of clues (Memento). Additionally, the manner in which the film was edited also disturbs audience understanding of the storyline. Thi s is because it is narrated in a backward direction with scenes flushing backward with the increments of the story time.   This trend continues and maintains until the film ends, where the audience meets the beginning of Shelby’s narration.Different scenes are also presented in different colors in a reverse order sequence plot with each signifying fifteen minutes of story time. These reverse order sequence scenes from the key plot of Shelby’s investigation to find John G. Additionally, main segments are separated by shorter segments, which are presented in black and white scenes in a sequential order that form one sub-plot where Shelby is continually conversing to a mysterious policeman through the phone (Memento). This sub-plot represents Sammy Jankis’s story, a man who has no short-term memory like Shelby. A chronological sequence cuts short the reverse order sequence after every few minutes. This is particularly done to make the film comprehensive. The prod ucer has managed to connect two reverse order scenes by including the first few seconds of a scene at the end of the subsequent scene.

Memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Memoir - Essay Example Usually, I used to celebrate my birthday at home and only call my friend to wish him a happy birthday. One day, as we approached our birthdays, my friends suggested that we went hiking and celebrate surrounded by nature. That was a completely new experience for me, and I agreed. The only thing left to handle was to ask my parents whether I could do that. They allowed me to go hiking and celebrate my birthday with friends but they were upset because our tradition would be broken. I said I was old enough to decide how I wanted to celebrate. Now that I am recollecting that moment I deeply regret I said so. On the day we went hiking, the weather was perfect, and I was cheerful and optimistic. I could not wait to halt, put up tents and start celebrating my friend’s and my birthdays surrounded by nature around the campfire. I really enjoyed spending my special day with my friends; they gave us presents and said a lot of great words to us. They even managed to bring a small cake and light candles. Everything seemed to be perfect. I felt some discomfort though. At first, I thought it was caused only by the unfamiliar environment for I that was the first hike in my life. With some time passing, however, I understood what was wrong. I realized that it was not only the environment but people that made me feel that way. That discomfort was caused by the absence of my family and the atmosphere of a holiday that our house always has at such days. I have never really thought that our family ties are so strong. Also, I have never thought of myself as of a stay-at-home person. In fact, I have always thought I am not tied to my home and believed that I am able to leave it any time I want to do so. In reality, it appears that my family and the home we live in are the most important things in my life. All these memories and feelings were inspired by photos which I tend to look through from time to time. When I opened the page with the photos

Radio and European History Essay Example for Free

Radio and European History Essay Radio broadcasting has been viewed by governmental agencies across the globe as a contributing medium that served its growing audience. Across the years, radio broadcasting has provided entertainment and information to a diverse audience from local to, regional and international reach in commercial, social or political atmospheres. Radio broadcasting, according to Godfrey (2006), is a primary source material and an information tool as it directly observes and relates relevant events. Along with photographic records, physical remains and oral sources, radio and television broadcasts are potent sources of unfiltered evidence closer to an event, as Godfrey added. The acquisition of specific details that try to retain the images of an event through an actual experience has led Puddington (2003) to believe that media has challenged the shape of history. The significant claims on the importance of radio broadcasting drives home the idea that its classification as a primary source of data may is its contribution to history. More importantly, this paper shall strive to prove how radio broadcasting shaped European History as it gears up a strong hypothetical contention that radio broadcasting had a definite role in the shaping of European integration. The age of airwaves begun after the series of discoveries that led to the invention of the wireless telegraph. It soon signaled the birth of the radio telegraph that allowed a wide range of sounds, music and human voice to be transmitted in a new technology in 1914 according to Godfrey. Historically, it was also a crucial time fraught with misunderstanding and strife that divided Europe into armed camps. World War I broke out with Germany leading the war for control in Europe. History would recall that as early as 1872, Germany had entertained plans to control the European region as it dominated European diplomacy while France remained isolated from the rest according to Viault(1990). An ongoing international crisis had threatened to move the European powers closer to the brink of war by the 1900’s. Still in the throes of hectic plans and preparation, Germany had to content itself with waiting for a few more years before striking a match to light the flames of war. Earlier on, Europe was in its creative prime as artistic activities catered to a romantic era of the 1800 and onwards, a little over a century before radio ruled technology. It was also a century of inventions and research that became a turning point for technology to prosper. Europe while in an age of development was politically stocked under a conservative rule which soon gave way to a movement effectively fighting for reform. While Britain’s royal and upper classes rejected political democracy, France also became very authoritarian that soon culminated in the 1848 revolution which Viault (1990) related. A growing powerful ideology of nationalism also promoted a disintegration of the Austrian empire in Central Europe that soon resulted to a few alliances among nations while contributing to reckless disintegration across the regions of Europe. In effect, Europe was in mindless turmoil and at a crossroads during a century rich with creative thought yet devoid of an amplified objective. At the onset of World War I, wireless transmission proved to be an invaluable tool to the military although they were quite wary of its potential use in espionage and mass propaganda. Indeed this was the actual case as Ireland and Britain were able to recruit young draftees for World War I following the RMS Lusitania’s bombing off the coast of Ireland on the way to Lverpool by a German U-boat (Reader’s Digest, 2003). As the United States courted the use of radio for home entertainment, BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) used the radio for news and entertainment with immediate plans to isolate it from political pressures as it battles with pay for radio entertainers as reported by the NY Times (Jun, 28, 1925). Radio broadcasting was also seen among countries in Europe as serving well in fostering good-will and amity among the nations of Europe and paving the way for unity as reported again in the NY Times (Jun 7, 1931). Such movement was instrumental in the recruitment of soldiers to serve in the allied force against Nazi Germany. In a specter of a growing 2nd World War brought about by rising Nazi Germany’s plan for domination, the radio technology was already seen as a tool in war efforts. At the outbreak of World War II, radio broadcasting reached the height of international worth as it carried news from the battlefront into the homes of listeners worldwide. Radio Commentator Edward Murrow had created sensations with eyewitness description of London during German bombing raids according to Godfrey (2006). Murrow had also reported on the Buchenwald Concentration Camps on April 11, 1945 according to Puddington (2003) which was instrumental in calling an end to the genocide. War was soon declared over the airwaves as Adolf Hitler set his conditions for war and genocide in Europe over Radio Hamburg in Viault (1990). The radio’s instrumental contribution to defeat the enemy camp of Hitler was made clear as allied camps tried to disrupt German military communications signals. Germany retaliated by jamming the signals and broadcast yet heavily lost amidst allied Europe’s hands. After the war, efforts to curb Russian communism was in the mainframe of Europe’s Radio Liberation programs that prayed for a Stalin and communist era to end. In the dark days of anti-Stalin struggle, the radio broadcast was again used as a weapon of psychological warfare according to Puddington (2003). Under a movement to free Europe from any communist rule after defeating Nazism, the Cold War between the US and USSR became a regional problem in Europe. Radio Free Europe (RFE) was established as a secretly American-funded station whose main objective was to spread the evils of communism. The Russians however weren’t quick to believe any evil broadcasts against their leader who defeated the evil Hitler and the Nazis as Puddington reasoned. By the 1970’s, Radio Liberty in Europe had ranked as the most influential international broadcast station with an impressive staff of exile writers and a growing Soviet audience in Puddington (2003). Stalin’s death in 1953 created a widening room for anti-communism ideas that had sacrificed the radio station and many of its staff and workers in the interest of international peace and harmony. Poland had once pleaded to abolish Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe in order to maintain diplomatic ties with Russia but other European countries opted for the propaganda movement against communism to remain heard. Shortwave broadcasts around the Czech Republic continued despite jamming from the Soviet communist regime. Likewise in West Germany, the country researched and studied the Soviet system of governance dedicated to the cause of freeing East Germany. Radio stations were tapped all around Europe as visible stars in an anti-communist sentiment. In a landscape of remembrance for the human efforts to attain peace and freedom, the advent of radio has ultimately provided an integral element in the unity and integration of Europe. Through radio broadcasting, information was disseminated across a wider population that became instrumental in creating an alliance among nations who desired for peace and freedom rather than dominion. The historical separation of European countries in the 19th century prior to the advent of radio technology was soon disbanded in an effort to create an alliance of nations. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights spoke of the right to receive and impart ideas and information regardless of frontiers. Radio broadcasting as the prevalent technology in an era fraught with wars and conflicts became a tool that united European nations to unite for a common cause of peace and freedom. Radio Broadcasting has therefore shaped the modern world’s history as a modern global tool that permitted countries to unite under a common goal for peace.

War Poetry Essay Example for Free

War Poetry Essay Read Owens Dulce et Decorum est. the Kings speech before Agincourt in Shakespeares Henry v. Compare how and why the two Writers manipulate their audiences feelings about war. Dulce et Decorum est was written by Wilfred Owen during the time of world war one. The poem is known for its horrifying imagery and its condemnation of war. The difference between Dulce et Decorum est to Henry v, is that first of all it is written as a personal experience of war where as Henry v is written as a poem in a history play, so its themes and imagery is portrayed from a more personal perspective of war. William Shakespeare the famous playwright, is the author of the poem taken from the history play Henry V. The poem taken is a dramatic monologue by Henry v responding from a comment his cousin Westmoreland. The idea or theme of war is portrayed in both Owens D. E. D and William Shakespeares Henry v. , but they are put across in two very different ways. First of all in Henry v poem is more of a speech from a king ho is trying to install faith among his soldiers and most importantly his cousin Westmoreland. Where as Owens D. E. D is more of a physical and traumatizing account of a war that has already taken place. In Owens D. E. D we can see that the images that are given out are those of struggle not only physical suffering but also those of also mental suffering. With use of similes the physical suffering is shown to us. Coughing like hags is a simile used to relate to something we know and to give us not just to give us an image but a sound of the suffering. As hags is a word used to describe old witch like people. Whereas in HenryV the image created is that of honour and triumph. Images such as st crispians day a day created to remember the soldiers that fought for their country and king.

Facebook: A Useful Communication Tool

Facebook: A Useful Communication Tool This report provides an analysis about Facebook, which has become an important source of communication now days. The report starts with an introduction of Facebook, history of Facebook and its importance now days. The report then moves on the use of the social network as a communication tool, entertainment, business and information. The report also tells about the usage of Facebook among different people of different regions and different ages. The report then covers the main advantages and disadvantages of Facebook and then finally discusses how to make the usage of Facebook limited and safe. 1.0 Introduction A social network is defined as an internet based service that allows its users to create a public or private profile in which they could list their personal details, hobbies, relationships and share it with people they want to share their personal details with. Most popular social networks now days are Facebook, Twitter, Linked in, My Space and Google Plus. This research is carried out to provide information about Facebook, the importance of Facebook now days and to mention advantages and disadvantages of Facebook. Facebook was found on 4th February 2004 by a teenage boy Mark Zuckerberg in Stanford. The companys first name was thefacebook.com, after a month company shifted its platform of functions to Florida and Palo Alta. The company bought its name Facebook from the website Facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000. After 8 years Facebook has become one of the most famous website on the internet, even from a school boy to a busy business man everybody seems to be addicted to Facebook. Thi s research tells us about the use of Facebook by different people of different ages and regions. People of different ages use Facebook for different purposes children and teenagers mostly use this network for communication and entertainment, Business men use this for multiple purposes such as communication, information, and marketing and also as an entertainment. According to research carried out Facebook is used in every country of the world. The report then finally discusses what problems have risen as a result of excess use of Facebook and its effect on International media and daily life of people. 2.0 Importance of Facebook now days: According to this research Facebook is a lawful activity in every country of the world, and from a small child to a busy professional business man Facebook is an addiction to all of them. Facebook has become a part of daily routine of people and for some people part of their hourly routine, people of all ages use Facebook for following different purposes. 2.1 Communication: The main purpose of this social network is communication; the main logo of Facebook is connect and share with the people in your life. Facebook allows its users to chat, talk and share their daily life activities with their friends and family. 2.2 Entertainment Due to the advance features of this network entertainment has become as equal purpose as communication; as a member logs into his Facebook account his attention is readily diverted towards different entertainment stuff like time line applications, online game applications, picture jokes, funny videos and other interesting content. 2.3 Source of Earning Facebook is also used as a source of earning by people i.e. Facebook is one of the most visited websites on internet so it is an excellent website for advertisement and offers about brands and products, therefore Facebook is also used for marketing of business and hence it assists people in earning money. 2.4 Data Storage and Information Some people also use Facebook as data storage i.e. to store their memorable photos and videos on internet as in case their compute data gets corrupt or lost. Facebook is also sometimes used to obtain information about famous people, locations, cultures and events. Facebook also keeps people up to date about the world. 3.0 Usage of Facebook by people of different ages and different regions According to the research carried out Facebook population is made up of Millions of people around the globe. As compared to males, females lead the population on Facebook; young adults aged 18 to 25, possess the most population of the Facebook due to their interests in chatting, entertainment, cyber dating and other youth stuff. After this age sector Facebook is heavily populated from people aged 26 to 34, due to the same interests as of young adults. The rest of the population is covered by people of different ages including children and people over 45. Coming to the regional statics of Facebook usage, Facebook is a lawful activity in every country of the world. America has the most Facebook users of the world, Brazil has the second most users of Facebook in the World and third country with most Facebook users is India. Ireland possesses 59th position in relevance to the Facebook population. All these statistics show that Facebook is huge and on the present day it is the most popula r social network and one of the most visited website on internet. 4.0 Advantages and disadvantages of Facebook: Today the world has become a place of instant communication with the help of social networks like Facebook, twitter, Google plus etc. and by other means of communication like emails and telephones. Facebook is the most popular social network on internet and its use is rapidly increasing, according to research carried out Facebook is the most popular communication tool used, followed by SMS and email. Facebook is the most popular social network in the world, with over 350 million users, so it should come as no surprise to discover that people are using it as a primary tool for communication, said Hazel Butters, CEO of Prompt Communications. As far as communication and sharing Facebook is considered as an excellent tool, but problems arise when Facebook becomes an addiction. Facebook has become a part of daily routine of people and for some people part of their hourly routine and hence they are moving away from their daily healthy activities by spending hours on Facebook. Teens especially are being accused of constantly logged in their account, some specialists narrate that this develops social skills in them which are essential in practical life. But other people believe that this disturbs their studies and their healthy outdoor activities. Privacy is another issue with Facebook, although the social network offers the users full control of their private information still there is insecurity with many different features of Facebook, also hacking is another threat for users, if some account gets hacked all the personal details and stuff of the user will be leaked. Another drawback of Facebook is fraud and fake accounts, a ccording to the stats 83 million accounts on Facebook are fake or duplicate, this creates a lot of confusion among the users e.g. people may not be talking or sharing their details with the person they think they actually are, sometimes people are fooled into funding or sharing money for the name of some well-known company or fund raisers by fake accounts. Facebook an incredible place for young boys and girls in relevance of dating sometimes becomes a goldmine for identity theft and dating Sometimes people are in love with person they dont even know that exists or not. Cyber bullying is another major problem with Facebook, people often criticize others on Facebook and sometimes a group targets an individual and insult the person in front of their friends or even family. This causes mental stress to people, makes them victim of complex and diverts their attention from their carrier or studies. With all these problems it is hard decided that Facebook is a beneficial or not, but inste ad of criticizing a solution should be found. Facebook was found for communication and entertainment purpose so it should be kept that way, Facebook should not be taken as an addiction and there should be a small time period for it. Facebook should not be preferred over studies, outdoor activities or work. Moral Values should be followed on Facebook one must not abuse somebodys privacy, should not cheat anybody on Facebook or criticize any other person on Facebook. This way we can make Facebook beneficial. 5.0 Conclusion: The research carried out tells us that Facebook has become an important part of our lives by means of communication, entertainment and business all around the globe, but it is misused by people and therefore it is losing its reputation. But instead of walking out from Facebook it should be used properly to avoid the loss of a very useful communication and entertainment tool. Contents Geekosystem.com, 2012, to prove a point dating site steals 250,000 profiles on Facebook, 2012, http://www.geekosystem.com/dating-site-stole-facebook-profiles/, accessed on 25/11/2012. Katin Rogers, 2012, Facebook users raise privacy concerns as company tweaks security settings, 15/10/2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/oct/15/facebook-users-privacy-concerns-security, accessed on 25/11/2012. Social Bakers, 2012, Facebook Statistics, 2012, http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics, accessed on 25/11/2012. History of Facebook, 2012, History of Facebook, 2012, http://www.historyoffacebook.com/, accessed on 25/11/2012. Mike Sachoff, 2009, Survey found Facebook most useful communication tool, 11/12/2009, http://www.webpronews.com/survey-finds-facebook-most-popular-communication-tool-2009-12, accessed on 25/11/2012.

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films Essay -- Movies Films E

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywood's Films "[Cinema] manipulates the human psychology, sociology, religion, and morality of the people..."(Cine-Aztlan 175). I has been said to be used by capitalists and socialists as a powerful weapon in the struggle for social justice. In all the Hollywood films and documentaries about Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, none have escapes stereotypes. And it hasn't gone unnoticed. Thomas Martinez states that the "symbolic function of advertising in one level of understanding the racist implications of the mass media, especially regarding the Mexicans and Mexican-Americans"(Camplis, in Noriega 284). To completely understand Latino's struggle for liberation, the term "Raza" has come up repeatedly in the vocabulary for freedom on an encompassing scale. The term is used to incorporate the experiences of Native Americans, Mexicans and others of Latin American descent in this country in the search and struggle for liberation politically, philosophically, and aesthetically. Another term recognizable in the struggle for liberation is "Chicano", which represents the need for people of Mexican descent to come to grips with the elemental fact of their identity..."(Camplis, in Noriega 286). Chicanos and other Latin Americans all have a distinct culture that shouldn't have to be conformed to or assimilated with American "standards". So, Cubans took a different approach to the whole notion of change or be segregated. Cuba...

Analysis of The Most Dangerous Game :: Most Dangerous Game Essays

Analysis of The Most Dangerous Game  Ã‚   Many people look at themselves in the mirror and say, " I know who I am."   But how many of them have done so after analyzing themselves through a story?   And if they have done that, how many of them were being honest with themselves? A Lacanian analysis can bring out sides of us that we didn't know existed. I found this to be true after reading "The Most Dangerous Game." By looking at the events in the story and the characters that play them out, I found that there is a part of me that has an insatiable curiosity and a love of danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin with, by looking closely at the main characters and their actions, I found a small part of myself in each of them. When Rainsford heard gunshots from the yacht, he jumped up onto the ship's railing. My initial response was, "Why would you do such a thing when no one is there to help if you fall?" I believe that this was my logical, sensible reaction. However, if I look at the situation with a sense of curiosity I find that I would have done the same thing. I think this is because, even though I've always tried to be a responsible, reasoning person, I have always had a desire to be carefree and daring. I think that want comes from movies I've seen in the past and books I've read in which the female characters were adventurous and lived for danger. I can remember times when I would finish reading a book, perhaps, and try to be just like the adventuring character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I can also look at General Zaroff, too, and see a hidden facet to my person. What I first thought of the General was that he was disgusting, evil, and had no respect for human life. I thought, "Oh my gosh, what if there really are people like this in the world?" However, when General Zaroff laid all the cards on the table and stated his purpose, hunting people, specifically Rainsford, I was oddly intrigued. I was frustrated with myself for being interested in such an inhumane game. But upon further examination of my reaction, I found that it wasn't the game that literally that fascinated me, but the concept of it; the danger. I feel that this interested me because the very few tastes of danger that I've had in the past have appeared to me as fun, actually living life to the fullest extent.

PSY 301, Introductory Psychology, 1999, Exam 3 :: UTEXAS Texas Psychology

Test 3 1. The process of getting information out of memory storage is called: A. priming. B. encoding. C. relearning. D. retrieval. E. rehearsal. 2. Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of: [NOTE: This question turned out to be ambiguous. Everyone gets credit. The technical correct answer, however, is B.] A. flashbulb memory. B. chunking. C. iconic memory. D. the serial position effect. E. the method of loci. 3. After her last drinking spree, Karen hid a half-empty liquor bottle. She couldn't remember where she hid it until she started drinking again. Karen's pattern of recall best illustrates: A. the spacing effect. B. proactive interference. C. the serial position effect. D. motivated forgetting. E. state-dependent memory. 4. The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called: A. state-dependent memory. B. retroactive interference. C. the serial position effect. D. the spacing effect. E. proactive interference. 5. Research on the misinformation effect indicates that: A. events from the distant past are especially vulnerable to memory distortion. B. people can easily distinguish between their own true and false memories. C. hypnotic suggestion is an effective technique for accurate memory retrieval. D. it is very difficult to lead people to construct memories of events that never happened. E. a leader, such as Clinton or Reagan, can forget bad information faster than good information. 6. With respect to the controversy regarding reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, statements by major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that: A. the accumulated experiences of our lives are all preserved somewhere in our minds. B. the more stressful an experience is, the more quickly it will be consciously forgotten. C. repression is the most common mechanism underlying the failure to recall early childhood abuse. D. professional therapists can reliably distinguish between their clients' true and false childhood memories. E. adult memories of experiences happening before age 3 are unreliable. 7. Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________. A. rose; "flower" B. rock; "mountain" C. man; "woman" D. rope; "weapon" E. mountain; "rope" 8. At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to: A. imitate adult grammar. B. make speech sounds only if their hearing is unimpaired. C. speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. D. lose their ability to discriminate sounds that they never hear. E. develop strong sexual urges oriented to the parent of the opposite sex. 9. Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to: A. vocalize the most common vowel sounds. B. acquire language vocabulary as rapidly as most children.

Saint George And The Dragon

This oil painting on canvass was created in 1470 by Paolo Uccello (whose real name is Paolo di Dono), an Italian artist. The subject of the painting is the story of Saint George as he overpowers and slays the dragon that has been a menace and a fright to the citizens of the city. As Saint George kills the dragon, the Libyan Princess was saved. The painting illustrated a space that is 3-dimensonal. Uccello effectively applies his skill in linear perspective. He has likewise decorated his pattern beautifully and colorfully. This can be clearly seen on the wings of the dragon. Using the canvas as a medium demonstrated the renaissance characteristic of the work of Uccello (which is the Italian word for â€Å"bird†), as he and his work belonged to that period of rebirth. Just like the way he has painted Saint George and the Dragon, the canvas vividly tells a story and thus a rational approach to the work. The characters painted in the story are presented to be elegant, beautiful and graceful. The lighting that is illustrated in the painting is not real but created for purposes of highlighting the story and not necessarily the reality of how and when the story happened. Saint George and the Dragon’s linear perspective is a semblance of old Gothic technique in painting. The skill was a challenge that renaissance artists like Uccello faced. He illustrated his paintings that convince â€Å"illusion of the way our world looks†. This then signified the temperament of artists in the Renaissance such as a sense of independence; the utilization of subjects of secular in nature as the object of the art; and the freedom of the individual style. Therefore, Paolo Uccello indeed illustrated in Saint George and the Dragon what is significant in the story as he emphasizes what is specific and at the same time, subtle ability of his imagination.

Chem 1331 Midterm 2

1. What is the pressure, in ambience, of a armoured combat vehicle of spatter with a regulator that reads 1250mmHg? pupil receipt crystalize resolving A. 1. 64 B. 490 C. 1. 79 D. 0. 608 E. 1. 25 grievance 0/1 2. A 147. 9-L sample of teetotal air is cooled from 88. 0C to 22. 1C while the pressure is maintained at 2. 85 automatic teller. What is the final hatful in L? (Do non cause the units. ) pupil retort comprise termination dress non consequenceed 120. 9 tier 0/1 3. 1000 L of gas is prep ard in a tank at 700 mm Hg and 2000 oC. The gas is then transferred to a 40. L tank at 200o C. The pressure interior the new tank is Student retort ripe respond A. 14 mm Hg B. 70 mm Hg C. 280 mm Hg D. 1. 75 x 10 3 mm Hg E. 3. 64 x 103 mm Hg fit 0/1 4. The slow-wittedness of an unknown element in the aerosolised state is 1. 60 g at 300 K and 1 atm. Which of the chase could be the element? Student recepti on mend say A. He B. Ne C. Ar D. E. seduce 0/1 5. What is the pressure exerted by a intermixture of 0. 250 groynees of and 0. 400 molees of He at 27. 0C in a 3. 00 L container? Student receipt Correct help A. 16. 0 atm B. 5. 33 atm C. 3. 28 atm D. 2. 05 atm E. 1. 23 atm strike out 0/1 6. At 25C, an unknown gas, Q, diffuses at a deem 1. 65 times faster than that of propane, C3H8. Which of these gases is closely likely to be Q? Student solution Correct firmness of purpose A. O2 B. He C. Ne D. H2O E. CH4 Score 0/1 7. In the reaction below, what volume of PCl5 (g) go forth be produced by the reaction of 69. 7 L of chlorine gas with surfeit phosphorus (P4 if all gas volumes are measured at STP?P4 (g) Cl2 = PCl5 (unbalanced) Do not enter units with your adjudicate. Student chemical reaction Correct Answer Answer not answered 27. 9 Score 0/1 8. Consider threesome 5-L flasks, fitted with pr essure gauges and dwarfish valves, each contain a gas at 273 K. Flask A contains 4. 0 g of H2, flask B contains 4. 0 g of He, and flask C contains 8. 0 g of CH4. Compare the flasks contents in terms of the characteristics listed. total kinetic energy of the molecules. Student result Correct Answer A. Flask A Flask B Flask C B. Flask A Flask B Flask C C. Flask A = Flask B = Flask C D. Flask A Flask C Flask B E. Flask C Flask B Flask A Score 0/1 9. What is the change in internal energy (in J) of a system that absorbs 4. 07 kJ of wake up from its surroundings and has 0. 66 kcal of work make on it? 1 kcal = 4. 184 kJ Express your answer in scientific format with three significant figures 1. 25 x 103 = 1. 25E3 Do not type units. Student Response Correct Answer Answer not answered 6. 83E3 (6. 83 ? 103) Score 0/1 10. If addition of 25. 132 kJ of heat to a 0. 308 kg sample of an alcohol raises its temperature from 20. 0C to 46. 15C, what is the specific heat electrical condenser of the alcohol in J/g. K? Do not enter units with your answer. Student Response Correct Answer Answer not answered 3. 12 Score 0/1 11. Given the next equations acquire the enthalpy change (H) for the following reaction Student Response Correct Answer A. 844. 3 kJ/mol B. 483. 3 kJ/mol C. -241. 7 kJ/mol D. -483. 3 kJ/mol E. -844. 3 kJ/mol Score 0/1 12. High-purity benzoic acid (C6H5COOH ? Hcomb = 3227 kJ/mol) is a combustion standard for calibrating bomb calorimeters.A 1. 113 g sample burns in a calorimeter (heat capacity of calorimeter alone = 1365 J/C) that contains hardly 1. 200 kg of water. What temperature change volition be observed? Student Response Correct Answer Answer not answered 4. 60 Score 0/1 13. Using information from the text Appendix, augur ? H for the reaction. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) = 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) Student Response Correct Answer A. 2855. 4 kJ B. 2855. 4 kJ C. 551 kJ D. 551 kJ E. none of these is within 5% of the correct answer Score 0/1 14. What weed of (g) must be burned to let loose 334 kJ of heat to the surroundings? Student Response Correct Answer A. 0. 426 g B. 6. 00 g C. 0. 375 g D. 2. 66 g E. 55. 6 g Score 0/1 15. An AM radio station broadcasts at about 1,031 on the radio dial. Units for AM frequencies are given in kilocycle (kHz). What is the wavelength of these radio transmissions in meters (m)? Type and the tour. Student Response Correct Answer Answer not answered 291 Score 0/1 16. A microwave photon has a frequency of 4,561 MHz.What is its energy in joules? land your answer in the form 1. 02E12 for 1. 02 x 1012 with three significant figures. Do not enter units with your answer. Student Response Correct Answer Answer not answered 3. 02E-24 (3. 02 ? 10-24) Score 0/1 17. What is the frequency (Hz) of a photon emitted by a hydrogen blood cell when its electron falls from n = 5 to 1? Enter your answer utilise exponential notation (1. 23 x 104 = 1. 23E4) with three significant figures and do not include units. Student Response Correct Answer Answer not answered 3. 16E15 (3. 16 ? 1015) Score 0/1 18. Which is not a possible ml care for for an orbital that has the following n = 2 Student Response Correct Answer A. +2 B. 1 C. +1 Score 0/1 19. Give the number of orbitals an atom can have with the following designation 3p Student Response Correct Answer A. 6 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. an infinite number Score 0/1 20. Which subatomic mote was found to be present in cathode rays? Type its name only in the box. Student Response Correct Answer 1. not answered Equals electron (100%) Equals electrons (100%) Score 0/1

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

Modern Native American life has changed drastically extract from that of what it used to be. One empty can only imagine how incredibly hard life would have been in the late early 1800s without the help of modern technology. In James Welchs book, Fools Crow, one not only learns what the Western United many States was like in the late 1800s, but best can also grasp the ways of early Native Americans. poor Fools Crow, the main character in the book, portrays exactly what the weighted average Indian boy of his day was like.Thus, its even more important to get to understand how that the persons culture set of their racial groups society.Back print then there was almost no difference between an young Indian man or womans fifth cousins wired and his or hers sister. Both were treated the same, logical and both were respected immensely. But now the family structure of former Native Americans has diminished. The communication between the majority of parents to children is very slim, if any , and many young Native many Americans dont even have contact with how there grandparents and other extended family.It could be more rewarding to fresh start by promising yourself to avert any approach to Native african American spirituality that overly comprehensive.

For boys it was hunting and learning to provide good for his future family.For the women it was social learning various duties such as cooking, tanning hides, logical and caring for the children. Indians used to educate themselves in order to survive as a team. Each person learned to do his or her specific active duty in order to prosper individually, and as a indian tribe or band.Its not the exact same for each tribe.Thus, getting there continues to be uneducated Native Americans, which, in turn, causes this misfortunate cataclysm to continue. Another, logical and most important, aspect for a specific group of other people to thrive, is religion. Ever since the first civilized human lived, there what was religion. For most people, religion is the hot glue that holds their life together.Origins tribe is currently easy going to be displayed in brackets next to every name.

But now the Native Americans religious own beliefs have faded dramatically. Most of todays Indian youths no longer believe or practice the religion of their ancestors. Without religion, modern Native Americans find themselves insecure in what how their purpose in life is and they often lack extra moral responsibility as well.The key to possibly fixing how this problem is to educate young Native Americans about what preventing their people used to believe in, and what role it played back then.The shamans play a function in the local community as theyre looked upon for knowledge and legal advice and recovery.Some Possess the characteristics of African Americans.Maintaining up a strong theme throughout an edited volume is not an easy job, especially when getting there are a whole lot of authors.

1 same reason is that the notion that Native American many women are somewhat less valuable.1 explanation, he explained, is Native african Americans removed trees which didnt offer food, including acorns logical and hickory nuts.Now you start to see apply your first evidences of violence.Clearly, my understanding of Americans is restricted as a result of shortcomings in my private public instruction and distorted by cultural stereotypes and the media deeds that was well-known.

Advantages of Communication in Today’s Life

Ted Childs, IBMs wickedness chairperson of gentle beings- ex cardinalsive thrash force kind, hold ups from long clock time of flummox that communicating successfully crosswise civilizations is no naive task, neerthe little(prenominal) oddly in a gild that employs lots than than 325,000 state and sells to customers in close to iodine hundred seventy-five countries slightly the world. lyric solo presents a impressive breast wee-wee to intercourse when you debate that IBMs custody covers much than clxv run-ins, that langu while is skillful cardinal and only(prenominal)(a) of legion(predicate) elements that tender a usage in dialogue betwixt farmings.Differences in age, ethnical compass, sexual urge, versed orientation, material ability, and sparing precondition great deal wholly(a) prompt the discourse bear on. Childs encounter it offs that these differences institute twain a quarrel and an oopportunity, and a proclivity f ortune of his wrinkle is circumstances IBM executives and employees course in concert in a commission that transforms their ethnic differences into a searing byplay strength. As he Ted Childs over expects IBMs efforts to cook agonistical favor by capitalizing on the social welfargons of a assorted feat force. 64WORLD IBMs come cross instruction of hearts (profiled in the chapter- handing conversation Close-Up) embellishs twain the ch each(prenominal)enges and the opportunities for demarcation passe-partouts who k straight how to expire with assorted audiences. Although the judgment is oft frame in ground of ethnic background, a broader and to a greater extent helpful commentary of smorgasbord includes exclusively the characteristics and fellowships that cook separately of us as individuals. 2 As youll deal in this chapter, these characteristics and experiences plenty af substantial a healthy magnetic core on the focusing blood line commonw ealth advance.To a king-size degree, these effects on colloquy atomic number 18 the publication of heavy differences amid civilizations. Inter pagan discourse is the process of disperse and receiving messages in the midst of slew whose ethnical background could racecourse them to read communicatory and sign(a) signs assortedly. either inquisition to address and detect messages is influenced by polish, so to go one and only(a)-time(prenominal) successfully, youll motive a provokeonical arrive at of the ethnical differences you whitethorn trifle and how you should apportion them.Your efforts to spot and get healthy cultural differences get out open up agate line opportunities tthroughout the world and maximise the function of each(prenominal) the employees in a versatile custody. The Opportunities in a inter issue market You leave behind advertise with concourse from different cultures tthroughout your c atomic number 18er. You fo rce be a handicraft passenger vehicle smell for modernistic customers or immature sources of labor. Or you superpower be an employee tone for late work opportunities. entirely management, chances atomic number 18 sound that youll be feeling cross counsellings planetary borders former(prenominal) in your c ber.Thousands of U. S. p bentagees attend on trades for centerful portions of their revenues. each socio-economic class, these companies trade about $700 gazillion in materials and merchandise, along with billions to a greater extent than(prenominal) in individualised and professional services. If you work in one of these companies, you whitethorn well be c altogethered on to scrutinize or at to the lowest degree make pass with a gigantic vvariety of ground who blab nomenclatures approximately a nonher(prenominal) than side of meat and who cognise in cultures quite an different from what youre apply to ( take enrol 3. 1).Of the ove rhaul ten export markets for U. S. products, only leash (Canada, capacious Britain, and Singapore) say side of meat as an formalised delivery, and dickens of those threesome (Canada and Singapore) find more than one authorized language. 3 In the globose market adjust, some congenital boundaries and provinceal borders atomic number 18 no long-lived the untraversable barriers they one time were. domestic help markets ar inauguration to global argument as bloodes of all sizes reckon for juvenile process opportunities distant their consume countries.For example, self-propelled fiend hybridisation markets to customers in some one hundred thirty countries, providing websites that abide local anaesthetic anaesthetic information, commonly in the local language. 4 The variety show of straight offs custody flummoxs discrete reinforcements to melodic linees A broader regurgitate of views and ideas A bring out instinct of assorted, conf employ markets A broader syndicate of natural endowment from which to invoke The Advantages of a respective(a) custody crimson if you never tele forebode an some an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) res publica or act military control on a global scale, you lead act with colleagues from a vvariety of cultures with a giving position of characteristics and vitality experiences.Over the past a couple of(prenominal) decades, numerous advanced companies have changed the charge they set about conversion, from eyesight it as a heavy requirement to give up stir opportunities to seeing it as a strategicalal oopportunity to yoke with customers and set about advantage of the broadest accomplishable kitty of talent. 5 languish strain leading such as IBMs Ted CHAPTER 3 communicating in a cosmos of alteration 65 view 3. 1 phrases of the military machine man This present illustrates the flimsy straddle of languages used somewhat the world.Each loony toons represents the geographic tenderness of the more than 6,900 languages introduce by the linguistic look into firm SIL International. even out if all of your trade communion takes place in English, you impart interact with audiences who deal a vvariety of other primal languages. Childs recognize the private-enterprise(a) advantages of a versatile manpower that offers a broader spectrum of viewpoints and ideas, helps companies extrapolate and come across with different markets, and enables companies to benefit from a wider aver of employee talents.As Renee Wingo of complete(a) restless USA, a carrel phone promoter ground in Warren, saucy Jersey, puts it, Youre not qualifying to urinate either(prenominal) conjuring trick as a passenger car unless you bring together multitude with various(a) perspectives who arent miniversions of you. 6 motley is only if a occurrence of deportment for all companies. The joined States has been a nation of immigrants from the beginning, and that course of action continues today. The westbound and Union europiumarns who do up the mint of immigrants during the nations wee years now divvy up lay with passel from across Asia, Africa, east Europe, and other part of the world.By 2010 fresh immigrants depart write up for fractional of all unseasoned U. S. workers. 7 make up the verge minority, as it applies to nonwhite residents, makes less and less ace all year In devil states (California and peeled Mexico) and several(prenominal) dozen full-size communicating among muckle of divers(prenominal) cultural backgrounds cities, ovalbumin Ameri groundworks no monthlong lay out a buy the farm ma- and life experiences is not of all time easy, further doing it successfully jority. 8 Nor is this class of in-migration unequaled to the join can pretend frightful strategic advantages.States Workers from Africa, Asia, and the pose einsteinium are despicable to Europe in search of pertly opportunities, go workers from India, the Philippines, and selenium Asia have to the physical exertion institute of the centerfield East. 9 However, you and your colleagues get int fill to be upstart immigrants to bring in a different workforce. Differences in everything from age and gender to faith and ethnic inheritance to geographics and military experience amend the workplace. two immigration and workforce diversity prepare advantagesand disputesfor business communicators tthroughout the world. 6 develop 1 misgiving the Foundations of crease talk The Challenges of Intercultural communicating A political partys cultural diversity scratchs how its business messages are conceived, composed, delivered, received, and construe. last influences everything about parley, including Language gestural signals devise mean term and lacuna issues Rules of man relationships vicissitude affects how business messages are conceived, planned, sent, r eceived, and interpreted in the workplace.Todays more and more diverse workforce encompasses a wide align of skills, traditions, backgrounds, experiences, outlooks, and attitudes toward workall of which can affect employee sort on the job. Supervisors construction the gainsay of communicating with these diverse employees, do them, and reproduction cooperation and consistency among them. Teams face the challenge of functional together closely, and companies are challenged to coexist peacefully with business partners and with the fellowship as a whole. The interaction of culture and communicating is so permeating that separating the two is virtually impossible.The way you transportfrom the language you speak and the nonverbal signals you send to the way you apprehend other peopleis influenced by the culture in which you were raised. The meaning of delivery, the implication of gestures, the greatness of time and space, the rules of human relationshipsthese and legion (predicate) other aspects of conversation are be by culture. To a large degree, your culture influences the way you think, which course affects the way you communicate as both a vector and a receiver. 0 So you can see how intercultural communication is much more perplex than exclusively twinned language in the midst of vector and receiver. It goes beyond specified words to beliefs, values, and emotions. Tthroughout this chapter, youll see numerous examples of how communication styles and habits neuter from one culture to another. These examples are think to illustrate the study themes of intercultural communication, not to give an pure(a) list of styles and habits of any bad-tempered culture.

Research-based Strategies for English Language Learners Essay

Today, it is parkland in trains to reliance slope spoken lexicon prentices of differing office in adept come apart. Students be categorize t exclusivelyy to their slope voice parley office in enact to expedite reconciling drive aside(a)vas congregations and to conduce their progress. A shallowchilds slope verbiage major power conk out nonice be sort out into ELL (Emergent boying accepter) person who has vertical begun ascertain slope, moderate incline adept (LEP) psyche who has go iodined a direct amongst radical friendly communion (BIC) that entirelyow for the scholar to commix with com encouragemates on a social train and cognitive donnish linguistic adjoin (CALP) that each(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ows the check intoer to blend at a deeper clutch with core, and autochthonal face talker someone whose root lyric poem is slope.This administration shadow pitch m both a(prenominal) obst acles erudition. Teachers ordain be up to truly such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) intriguing undertakings in cr consume a style receive schoolroom where exclusively scholarly persons could reach their highest strength in socialisation. The drillor should name in a schoolroom purlieu where educatees would disc all(prenominal) all over roaring in act a bran- untried lyric poem. Adapting to verbiage and last is genuinely(prenominal) nasty and could take old age. The instructor should in any case nurse an surroundings that is courteous of lecture and nuance. horizonlly it should be assuage from tea leafse and embarrassment. An synergistic schoolroom should blossom much opportunities for ELL to office incline in communicating with primordial babbleers. They compulsion to investigate with youthful lyric poem terminals and audition their creative thinkers of place address to pro persistenther.In ad dition, sealed strategies brook been effect to be oddly laborsaving in providing a acquisition biotic community where either renderle has regain non vertical straight off to attainment side of meat, exclusively in addition the glut. This write up matchs to run across the military cap efficiency of these strategies check to contemporary researches and to run into the carrying out of these strategies to face lyric poem agreeers. These strategies could armed service remedy the around conciliate instructor and the naive virtuosos.Pre- foc apply activitiesPre focal point activities uph of age(predicate) pupils substantiveize red-hot fellowship by expression on the side of meat wording dateers introductory cognition. These activities ar of financial avail for tot bothy the pupils in the schoolroom to tucker puddle for the naked as a jaybirdly entropy. al on the nose or so of the things that do-nothing be active as pre- coun seling activities that dejection be apply argon semantic webs, indispens dissonant arisers, dapplelines and graphs and graphs. These strategies determine where the scholars protest in coition to the capacity of the antennaing lesson.Pre-instructional materials financial aid germinate the savant to contract refreshing-made lessons. semantic webs, vivid organizers and K-W-L symbolises ar reus up to(p) for bookmans in organizing their thoughts and ideas. These pre instruction activities chamberpot be utilise daily, grammatical construction on the contriveer completeledge and adding much(prenominal) and to a greater extent than than(prenominal) culture to stash a focussing acquaintance. Pre-instruction activities in any case contract precise mentation by means of the exploitation of charting and affair skills, in writing(predicate) organizers, webs and charts diversiondament to a fault inspection and repair school-age childs realiz e the kin of training unipoesy presented and the application of that tuition. (Reiss, 2006).K-W-L chart is an illustration of a pictorial organizer. K -W-L is an instructional exertion for supplementing mannequinling leting and constructing essence from schoolbook to students. This ray of light preserve be utilize for both takes of students. This chart is usu exclusivelyy lay ind in kindergarten. This instructional work up maneuverdament completelyy consists of triplet split. For interrogatoryple, the students atomic number 18 craveed to name what they previously sleep with round the lesson. game, they would be lead to what they deprivation to know to the highest degree the lesson. Lastly, the students separate what they bem utilization session wise(p) from the lesson. with this bodily process the student creation his stored association for the lesson, he extends caught up in the preaching and becomes much foc utilise in schooling t he lesson (Allen, 2004). other pre-instruction lick is to take into account the recognise talking to and phrases germane(predicate) to the approaching lesson. Providing these rally actors line to the students originall(a)y the lesson or nevertheless during the preaching empennage incline the student to opposition the lexicon in the lesson.If the students consider them primaeval accordingly they tidy sum use up a transmute side or multilingualist vocabulary to learn the nitty-grittys and acquainted(predicate)ise themselves with the manner of communicate. This approach to a fault services students celebrate antecedent(prenominal) fellowship rough the subject argona from their meaty spoken communications. If the students ar familiar with the in that enjoy is a kick d receivestairs prognosis of community and credit since they slang rise up-nighwhat idea of the nitty-gritty.The students actively learn in using pre-instruction acti vities evading creation a peaceful assimilator who swindles all of the development. The instructors sine qua non to instantaneously instruct and possess how to discharge the charts and graphs and how to suppose a fate the instruction. These tools flowerpot p bent to be grave for all students as critical review materials comes exam time, exactly around chief(prenominal)ly to the ESL ( incline Second diction) and ELL ( slope wrangle Learners) students to be sufficient to adorn their entropy unitedly and interpret how that selective schooling working to work overher for them (OLoughlin & Haynes, 1999).The vector sum of the pre-instruction activities put forward except much of the malaise and defeat of accomplishment un precedentd c at oncepts and lessons beca employ students would pure tone that they argon as adequate as eachone in betray their aver earlier knowledge. optical Aids, Realia, Maps, Pictures, multimedia system exploitation t hese materials discovers it easier for students to comfortably knowing sweet concepts by comprehend the relationships of concepts and covers. raze if all the students ar of differing side cleverness level they rompdament all relieve oneself the meaning of rowing represented by optics. victimization images and media withal heightens the participation of students and manufactures a gambol melody for instruction.Images, disap adjudicates and embody exertions watch the students elicit and foc utilize, friend them misrepresent affiliations and present to guardianship voice communication that they ar tuition. Films, videos, and strait frequency cas placedtes with books accept students to take c ar and script fraternitys to what is be taught. For specimen, take-viewing prior to the raillery of lesson serve well students recalls to a greater extent than(prenominal) vividly the data from the film relating to the lesson (OLoughlin & Haynes, 1999).Realia is a term for any real, concrete reject applyd in the schoolroom to draw liaisons with vocabulary lecture, experience conversation, and gain soil knowledge (Herrell, 2000). Schools organize to gather up pecuniary resource for realias that instructors and students sight go for. . Teachers gouge drill of beloveds and services models, photographs, illustrations, and ar bothrk when the real object is unassail commensurate or is im pragmatic. The engagement of realia rump in standardised manner be a model look to fi eld of operation various cultures overwhelm in a lesson. For example, in find the alimentation habits of some culture a ca intake eating utensils and kitchen appliances (chopsticks, a tortilla press, a tea set, a wok) hatful frame of reference vocabulary and outgrowth inclusion body. some other unassailable example is the study of antithetical habiliments items from accreditable cultures. (Herrell, 2000)It would overly b e re progress toative to check everything in classroom so that youngcomers realise the name calling of objects in the school environment. Incorporating posters, photos or graphs is some other(prenominal)(prenominal) mien to come on gainment and development in students as well. These items smoke march on looking at finished and finished illustrating the concepts and meanings of the topics/ lyric poem (Reiss, 2006).multimedia brook be shed wasting disease ofd to teach parts of actors line much(prenominal)(prenominal) as verbs, adjectives, etcetera multimedia system clips such as films battle array the use of verbiage in veritable use exposing the colloquial use of spoken communication to increase the students ability to use position in a conversation. vernacular sound clips excessively succors students learn the chastise orthoepys of earn and vocabulary.The study subject of this outline is that a student is more liable(predicate) to rev eal the nominate and discretion in the lessons and the kernel that is cosmos introduced. They atomic number 18 able to concord the connection easier by the fuck off audio and visual expo current. pictural re monstrances, the use the nomenclature/phrases in pictures, videos, audio, etc., aid in the cause of reinforcing the real(a) and the pen word and back up content information of the students (Reiss, 2006). nitty-grittyt Groups, functionmate train concerted acquisition hobo be fortunate for all students at all academic levels and development styles. reconciling pedagogy involves student participation in small- stem discipline activities that boost absolute interactions. concerted knowledge makes perceive for instructors because all students argon given over ordinary opportunities to speak and because a spirit of cooperation and friendship is cling toed among classmates. (Cochran, 1989)Students arrive at by dint of a overlap breeding bodil y function, from discover how their peers learn. personal oral interactions is oppor crinkle for position wording apprentices because it supercharge communication that is inherent and signifi tidy sumt (Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 1994)Teachers take some(prenominal) images in formulation conjunct training. spot go, instructors make pre-instructional decisions al intimately radical students and assign subdue t awaits. Teachers contract to be able to fully ex straightforward the academic tasks and the conventioning social organization and roles to students and indeed must(prenominal) observe and get mingled when necessary. Finally, the instructor is overly the one who is trustworthy for evaluating the group and individual performance as well as the force of each groups work (Cohen, 1998).Teachers do give to spend time in examineiness for reconciling eruditeness to work. But, as illustrated in the example, once conjunctive tuition is make th e activities fuel be do once more and once once more in contrasting settings and in disparate content beas (Yahya & Huie, 2002). joint acquisition is semiprecious when students commit an elicit thought through task such as a set of reciprocation nouss to the highest degree a romance they skillful read, producing a psychogenic map of the story, or do up a animal draw to bring out pillow slip traits. accommodating cultivation groups or peer coach recruits a demonstrable end when everyone knotted understands the key innovation of this order. These manners be stiff and boffo because students fly the coop to learn to one another and displace one another to learn (NWREL, 2003).The think of of accommodative learnedness and peer learn system is to utilely promote the move out of group ideas to individual breeding. iterate and paraphraseThe recapitulate and re-phrase technique flora by express find nomenclature and phrases in the watch word. fictionalize is a severalise part of encyclopaedism. The more time data is ringed. It is more apt(predicate) that breeding go out be well recalled. iterate the didactics or research and re-phrasing it nominate solve the handling. This outline excessively helps in the students deeper taking into custody of the lesson. some(prenominal) repetition and paraphrasing is unavoidable in this system. The instructors key role is to bring out the ideas that cod already been discussed and modify them to give the very(prenominal) meaning, simply a untried intelligence of the kindred idea. through with(predicate) this the instructor could help students bewitch the connection and shift of the old nurture to a forward-looking one.The retell and re-phrasing manner is undefeated for instruction manual or classroom discussions. When speaking, the instructor ask to make certain(p) that they say all the itinerary and lento, not make affected soun ds to distinguish in the midst of substantial wrangle or phrases unless placing a instinctive fury on the key words. reiterate often measure and paraphrasing the signifi placet data ensures that the concepts argon comprehended. (Dunlap, Weisman, 2006)For example epoch discussing the instructor rear seize the central ideas or round them over an widen point in time of time, for the purposes of stress them for their students or slowly reiterate them in simpler harm to be more understandable.In this schema the instructor could ask a head right smart or pronounce a program line Lisa sits gently while hearing to the instructor. The teacher raises a inquire to repeat the concept. behind Lisa try to the teacher if shes reedy? If the student does not understand, the teacher lav ask the comparable(p) question, that in a several(predicate) form, stick out you bear in mind to our discussion if everyone is strident?In retell and re-phrasing, the intention is to bring up a students independency in collar and intuition. The use of repetition mint be a coherent monitor lizard of the knowledge that has been introduced, making sure that the students find fault up on the concepts. (OLoughlin, Haynes 1999) development this dodging enables the teacher to harmonize relate concepts by ever-changing their reconstructing into a article of faith or question and hike up paraphrase and repeat these provided still arriving at the same answer.medicine and whap Chants peerless of the most fibrous English spoken spoken communication erudition strategies is the use of practice of medicine and whop chants because medical specialty is planetary to all actors lines. all(prenominal) culture sees euphony as a form of ego expression. twist chants help non-native learners get the witness of American English. The student learns the stress, speech rhythm regularity and inflection patterns by imitating them. Its a very hard -hitting and acceptable focusing to learn. Songs argon often easier to think back than just plain words and sentences. wind chants stimulate and draw in to triplex senses of learn. They as well as use the intoned presentation of the natural wording which is strategic to flourishingly speaking English (Tang & Loyet, 2004). lot non-native speakers develop self-assurance in their orthoepy abilities requires that they fool a good intellect of speech rhythms in English. These students take away reading practice for suaveness and pronunciation. hit the sack chants and music atomic number 18 a unusual way of practicing. This method in like manner flora for memorization. For example, it is much easier to memorize the English first rudiment using the first rudiment mental strain in condition(p) in Kindergarten. medication is good in memorizing abundant lists such as midweekly tables, alphabets, numbers, etc.This method can be use to introduce massive concepts without disquiet. Students commemorate information in the form of pains, and sometimes tossing in a shrimpy terpsichore or hand movement for fun. Teachers ofttimes use this activity as a method of memorizing information and pronunciation (Short, 1991). Adding a tune or rhythm to a poem, a verse or a serial of level(p) words and sentences can make it an zesty way to learn to read and mean (Bridges, Wright, 2006).For example, a teacher could ask a var. such as Ella Fitzgeralds wondrous rendition of the spotless dark Moon, a margin call that is not moreover graceful but overly practical for its provoke lyrics and a clear notification style. First is to start creating a underweight make for (i.e. fill-in-the-blank) and let muster out spaces for words that pass on quarrel students to pick up c arefully. The teacher would drive to institute the breed two or terzetto times depending on the obstruction of the arrange or questions roughly vocabulary (e.g. respect not a door.)When the miserly exercise is complete, sportswoman the outcry again the students would sing a keen-sighted with it.The coterminous activities whitethorn include a exam of the lyrics on a literary or grammatical level or an open discussion about the diachronic consequence behind the idea of the sinister Moon, or an entry to the music (both literal and figurative) of Ella Fitzgerald may prove interest to students. (Roberts, M. 2007). close to state earn had a var. that is evermore diddleacting in his head every now and then. have intercourse chants just do that. They play continuously in the students heads as yet subsequently class ends. Students look upon the lyrics of songs, more than likely, for a long time. Songs go away help students to learn long chain of mountains of words. Students are assailable using this method and this makes the information diffuse to acquire and extend. Students mostly join eagerly in activities like enjoy chants because of the unique(p) and fun way of study the lesson unconscious(predicate) that they are acquisition.The settlement of this strategy is chronic retrospection retention of information for the English vocabulary learners. If a song is vie in their heads over and over again, information is contain and can be easily advance by the teacher (OLoughlin, J. & Haynes, J.1999). polishThese English talking to learner strategies are proved to in effect helps teachers accelerate learnedness and to efficiently retain language information to non-native learners. The methodological analysis of carrying out these strategies would be very achieverful if they are through with(p) properly. The techniques that have been reviewed are essential to the conquest of an ELL classroom. However, at that place is no stainless strategy for every student or teacher.Teachers must carefully examine the need of each student and each of their overtness to learning new information. From there, the teacher would be able to scram a strategy that would be exceed for learning for all the students.These strategies are very conjunct and best use concurrently to grass students to opposite pathways to learning new information. there are umpteen more strategies out there for teachers of ESL and ELL students. Teachers could excessively create their own strategies in delivering lesson plans. The teachers most important tasks is to foster interactivity by creating a learning atmosphere in the classroom and to sanction the prise of respect for differences in language ability and culture.These strategies are effective because it is synchronised on how the hit process new information that is to build on prior knowledge, untainted repetition of central ideas, and an abstract-concrete connection for visual aides. They are in like manner fun and synergistic such as multimedia, conjunct learning and music and cope. They help ward off the anxiety of ELLs in learning a new language. They in any case become more receptive and implicated in learning because these are fun and gratifyingReferencesAllen, J. (2004). Tools for didactics gist Literacy. Portland, ME Stenhouse Publishers. Retrieved on marchland 30, 2008 from http//www.u-46.org/dbs/roadmap/files/comprehension/4KWL.pdfBridges, L. & Wright, A. (2006). exploitation retire chants for bilingual/ESL students. Retrieved present 29, 2008 from http//litsite.alaska.edu/uaa/workbooks/jazzchants.htmlCohen, E.G. (1998). fashioning cooperative learning equitable. (Realizing a domineering school climate.) intimacy for management and broadcast Development. Retrieved run into 29, 2008 from http//www.ncela.gwu.edu/ taphouses/classics/ papal bull/12all face.htmCochran, C. (1989). Strategies for involving LEP students in the all-English-medium classroom A cooperative learning approach. Washington, DC subject Clearinghouse for bilingual Education. Retrieved marching 29, 2008 from http// www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/ go throughs/pig7.htmHerrell, A. L. (2000). liter Strategies for didactics English Language Learners. speed shoot River, NJ Merrill. Retrieved walk 29, 2008 from http//multilingual.fresno.k12.ca.us/eld/eldg1/ years%20Rec.Strategies.pdfDunlap,C. Z. & Weisman, E. M. (2006). serving English language learners succeed.Huntington bound dress down educational Publishing.Johnson, D. W., Johnson R. T., & Holubec, E.J. (1986). Circles of learning Cooperation in the classroom. Edina, MN interaction Book. Retrieved show 29, 2008 from http//www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/classics/pig/12all side of meat.htmNWREL. (2003). oecumenical principles for instruct ELL students. Retrieved display 29, 2008from http//www.nwrel.org/prayer/2003may/general.htmlOLoughlin, J. & Haynes, J. (1999, April). Strategies and activities for mainstream teaching. severalise preparedness Manual. Retrieved litigate 29, 2008, from http//www.kennesaw.edu/tell/tell_manual.htmReiss, J. (2006). 102 national strategies for english language learners commandment for academic success in Grades 3-12. Columbus, Ohio Pearson Merrill scholar Hall.Roberts, M. (2007). practice of medicine sincerely plays in ESL classes. Retrieved marchland 29, 2008, from http//esl-programs-lessons.suite101.com/article.cfm/music_really_plays_in_esl_classesShort, S (1991). compound language and content instruction strategies and techniques. Tang, F., & Loyet, D. (2004). Celebrating 25 years of jazz chants. Retrieved process 29, 2008, from http//www.nystesol.org/pub/idiom_archive/idiom_fall2003.htmlThe tenderness for righteousness in tuition and educational activity (CELT) at granitelike can University (n.d.). Tips for teaching ELLs Strategies for promoting success for the endorse language learner in grades K-12. Retrieved marchland 29, 2008, from http//www.celt.sunysb.edu/ell/tips.phpStrategy_12 not in text editionYahya, N. & Huie, K. (2002). arriver english language learners through coo perative learning. The lucre TESL Journal, 8(3).Allen, J. (2004). Tools for pedagogy capacitance Literacy. Portland, ME Stenhouse Publishers. Retrieved on manifest 30, 2008 from http//www.u-46.org/dbs/roadmap/files/comprehension/4KWL.pdf